Python 依赖管理工具 poetry
安装
Linux, macOS, Windows (WSL)
curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -
Windows (Powershell)
(Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://install.python-poetry.org -UseBasicParsing).Content | py
配置
使用 poetry config --list 来查看配置
PS C:\Users\lingh\Desktop\poetry-demo> poetry config --list
cache-dir = "C:\Users\lingh\AppData\Local\pypoetry\Cache"
experimental.system-git-client = false
installer.max-workers = null
installer.modern-installation = true
installer.no-binary = null
installer.parallel = true
repositories.tsinghua.url = "https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple"
virtualenvs.create = true
virtualenvs.in-project = true
virtualenvs.options.always-copy = false
virtualenvs.options.no-pip = false
virtualenvs.options.no-setuptools = false
virtualenvs.options.system-site-packages = false
virtualenvs.path = "{cache-dir}\virtualenvs" # C:\Users\lingh\AppData\Local\pypoetry\Cache\virtualenvs
virtualenvs.prefer-active-python = false
virtualenvs.prompt = "{project_name}-py{python_version}"
PS C:\Users\lingh\Desktop\poetry-demo>
默认 poetry 会在 {cache-dir}\virtualenvs 创建虚拟环境，可以修改为创建在每个项目的目录下
PS C:\Users\lingh\Desktop\poetry-demo> poetry config virtualenvs.in-project true
PS C:\Users\lingh\Desktop\poetry-demo>
新建项目
使用 poetry new 来创建项目
poetry new poetry-demo
进入项目目录
cd poetry-demo
添加清华源，这里还需要添加 pypi 不然会有一个 warning
poetry source add tsinghua https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
poetry source add pypi
添加依赖，可以分组
poetry add requests
poetry add pytest --group test
使用 pycharm 打开项目
pycharm 会自动检测并使用项目目录下 .venv 的解释器，如果不是，需要手动配置一下
poetry-python.jpg
配置 pycharm 使用 pytest 进行测试
Testing -> Default test runner 选 pytest
poetry-pycharm-pytest.jpg
这样就可以执行测试了
poetry-pycharm-pytest-run.jpg
也可以使用 poetry 来执行测试
poetry run pytest
poetry-pytest.jpg
Poetry 依赖管理
poetry 通过 group 来进行依赖管理
运行时依赖放在 [tool.poetry.dependencies] 下面
测试需要的依赖可以放在 [tool.poetry.group.test.dependencies] 下面
[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "^3.8"
requests = "^2.31.0"
[tool.poetry.group.test.dependencies]
pytest = "^7.4.0"
开发需要的依赖可以放在 [tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies] 下面
[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
pytest = "^6.0.0"
pytest-mock = "*"
使用 optional 来指定可选依赖，只有在明确指定时才会去下载
[tool.poetry.group.docs]
optional = true
[tool.poetry.group.docs.dependencies]
mkdocs = "*"
使用 --with 下载可选依赖
poetry install --with docs
添加依赖
不加 group 时添加到 [tool.poetry.dependencies] 下面
poetry add requests
使用 --group 来添加到对应的分组下
poetry add pytest --group test
安装依赖
poetry install
如果有可选依赖需要通过 --with 来安装
poetry install --with test,docs
删除依赖
poetry remove requests
poetry remove mkdocs --group docs
poetry 命令列表
项目命令
创建项目
poetry new my-package
创建的项目结构如下
my-package
├── pyproject.toml
├── README.md
├── src
│ └── my_package
│ └── __init__.py
└── tests
└── __init__.py
现有项目 使用 poetry
在项目根目录执行 poetry init 会生成 pyproject.toml 之后就可以采用 poetry 来进行依赖管理
poetry init
依赖命令
安装依赖
poetry install
更新依赖
默认时 poetry 会使用 poetry.lock 文件锁定依赖库的版本，需要更新时执行 poetry update
poetry update
添加依赖
poetry add requests pendulum
添加依赖时指定版本约束
# Allow >=2.0.5, <3.0.0 versions
poetry add pendulum@^2.0.5
# Allow >=2.0.5, <2.1.0 versions
poetry add pendulum@~2.0.5
# Allow >=2.0.5 versions, without upper bound
poetry add "pendulum>=2.0.5"
# Allow only 2.0.5 version
poetry add pendulum==2.0.5
可以添加 git 私有依赖
poetry add git+https://github.com/sdispater/pendulum.git
poetry add git+https://github.com/sdispater/pendulum.git#develop
poetry add git+https://github.com/sdispater/pendulum.git#2.0.5
删除依赖
poetry remove pendulum
显示依赖
PS C:\Users\lingh\Desktop\poetry-demo> poetry show
certifi 2023.7.22 Python package for providing Mozilla's CA Bundle.
charset-normalizer 3.2.0 The Real First Universal Charset Detector. Open, modern and actively maintained alter...
colorama 0.4.6 Cross-platform colored terminal text.
exceptiongroup 1.1.2 Backport of PEP 654 (exception groups)
idna 3.4 Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)
iniconfig 2.0.0 brain-dead simple config-ini parsing
packaging 23.1 Core utilities for Python packages
pluggy 1.2.0 plugin and hook calling mechanisms for python
pytest 7.4.0 pytest: simple powerful testing with Python
requests 2.31.0 Python HTTP for Humans.
tomli 2.0.1 A lil' TOML parser
urllib3 2.0.4 HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more.
PS C:\Users\lingh\Desktop\poetry-demo>
搜索依赖
PS C:\Users\lingh\Desktop\poetry-demo> poetry search requests
requests (2.31.0)
Python HTTP for Humans.
导出依赖，可以导出 pip 格式的依赖
poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt
配置命令
配置
poetry config --list
修改配置
poetry config virtualenvs.in-project true
运行命令
在虚拟环境里面执行
poetry run python -V
缓存
列出缓存
poetry cache list
清除缓存
poetry cache clear pypi --all
源
添加源
poetry source add tsinghua https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
添加源时指定优先级 --priority
poetry source add --priority=explicit pypi
源的优先顺序
- default
- primary
- implicit PyPI (当有 default 或被指定为 explicit 时无效)
- supplemental sources
- explicit 只有依赖指定这个源名称时，才会从 explicit 源下载
添加依赖时指定源名称
poetry add --source internal-pypi httpx
显示源
poetry source show
显示依赖的源
poetry source show pypi-test
删除源
poetry source remove pypi-test