现在的网站，总会有一点与用户交互的功能，例如允许用户上传头像，上传照片，上传附件这类的。PHP写的程序，对于上传文件效率不是很高。幸好，nginx有一个名为upload的module可以解决这个问题。网络上已经有很多关于upload module的文章，但是大部分都是介绍编译安装这些的，对于一些细节叙述不是很清楚，于是自己写了这篇。参考了很多其他人的文档，在此致谢，详细见参考文档部分。一、upload module的工作原理nginx upload module模块通过nginx服务器来接受用户上传的文件，它自动分析客户端的上传请求，将上传的文件保存到 upload_store 所指向的目录位置。然后这些文件信息将被从原始的请求中剔除，重新组装好上传参数后转交到后端由 upload_pass 指定的location去处理，这样后端就可以任意处理上传的文件。每一个上传的 file 字段值将可以由upload_set_form_field 指定的值替换。上传的文件可以通过$upload_tmp_path 变量访问到。上传的文件经过处理以后，由 upload_cleanup 指定的条件控制删除清理。以上表达可能不够直观，我们举个例子，假如我们使用如下一个页面作为上传页面:
[root@Nginx-Mod-DEV wwwroot]# cat index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Test upload</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Select files to upload</h2>
<form name="upload" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/upload">
<input type="file" name="file1"><br>
<input type="file" name="file2"><br>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Upload">
<input type="hidden" name="test" value="value">
</form>
</body>
</html>
那么我们选择两个文件,点击"Upload"按钮以后,nginx upload module会接收上传来的文件，将上传的文件保存到 upload_store 所指向的目录位置。
然后上传的文件信息将被从原始的请求中剔除，根据nginx.conf中的配置重新组装好上传参数，然后转到后端由 upload_pass 指定的位置去处理。
假如我们上传得两个文件分别名为:Picture 1.png和Picture 2.png，那么upload module接收文件以后，会传递给后端类似下边这样的一组参数:
"file1.path"=>"/tmp/0000123458",
"file2.path"=>"/tmp/0000123459",
"file1.content_type"=>"image/png",
"file2.content_type"=>"image/png",
"file1.name"=>"Picture 1.png",
"file2.name"=>"Picture 2.png",
这样后端的PHP代码就可以使用$_POST变量获取这些参数来处理上传进来的文件了。下边是一个简单的示例，只是显示出相应的变量的值，然后根据文件的MD5值，取第一个字符作为对应的一级目录名称，取最后一个字符作为第二级目录名称，然后将上传的文件移动到相应的目录中。
<?php
$temppath = $_POST["file1_path"];
$name = $_POST["file1_name"];
$md5 = $_POST["file1_md5"];
$f_dir = substr($md5,0,1);
$s_dir = substr($md5,-1);
$final_file_path = "/".$f_dir."/".$s_dir."/".$name;
echo $temppath."<br />";
echo $name."<br />";
echo $md5."<br />";
echo $f_dir."<br />";
echo $s_dir."<br />";
echo $final_file_path;
rename($temppath,$final_file_path);
?>
因为nginx upload module已经做完了最费时的mime解析工作，后端的PHP代码只需要简单的移动文件到合适的位置就可以了。因为upload module是使用C语言写的，比起PHP作解析工作的效率高多了，因此极大地提高了文件上传的效率。
二、upload module的配置参数简要说明
下边是一些配置参数的说明:
upload_pass 指明了需要后续处理的php地址
upload_cleanup 如果php出现400 404 499 500-505之类的错误，则删除上传的文件
upload_store 上传文件存放地址
upload_store_access 上传文件的访问权限，user:r是指用户可读
upload_limit_rate 上传限速，如果设置为0则表示不限制
upload_pass_form_field 从表单原样转到后端的参数，可以正则表达式表示
官方的例子是upload_pass_form_field "^submit$|^description$";
意思是把submit，description这两个字段也原样通过upload_pass传递到后端php处理。如果希望把所有的表单字段都传给后端可以用upload_pass_form_field "^.*$";
upload_set_form_field可以使用的几个变量
$upload_field_name 表单的name值
$upload_content_type 上传文件的类型
$upload_file_name 客户端上传的原始文件名称
$upload_tmp_path 文件上传后保存在服务端的位置
upload_aggregate_form_field 可以多使用的几个变量,文件接收完毕后生成的
$upload_file_md5 文件的MD5校验值
$upload_file_md5_uc 大写字母表示的MD5校验值
$upload_file_sha1 文件的SHA1校验值
$upload_file_sha1_uc 大写字母表示的SHA1校验值
$upload_file_crc32 16进制表示的文件CRC32值
$upload_file_size 文件大小
三、编译安装的步骤
这个很简单，也有很多人写了不错的文章，在此流水账记录一下。
1.编译环境准备---这部分不需要，因为我要用到nginx-lua-module，所以列在这里了
[ lua 5.1 ]
wget http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.1.5.tar.gz
tar xvzf lua-5.1.5.tar.gz
cd lua-5.1.5/src
make linux
cd ..
make install
此处默认安装位置是/usr/local,如果安装到其他位置需要:
export LUA_LIB=/path/to/lua/lib
export LUA_INC=/path/to/lua/include
另外,lua-ngix-module目前版本与lua 5.2不兼容,不要选择lua 5.2
[ pcre 8.30 ]
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.30.tar.gz
tar xvzf pcre-8.30.tar.gz
2.编译nginx
[ chaoslawful-lua-nginx-module ]---这部分不需要
https://github.com/chaoslawful/lua-nginx-module/downloads
[ nginx_upload_module-2.2.0 ]
wget http://www.grid.net.ru/nginx/download/nginx_upload_module-2.2.0.tar.gz
tar xvzf nginx_upload_module-2.2.0.tar.gz
[ nginx 1.0.15 ]
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.15.tar.gz
tar xvzf nginx-1.0.15.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.0.15
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre=../pcre-8.30 --add-module=../nginx_upload_module-2.2.0 --add-module=../chaoslawful-lua-nginx-module-8d28785 --without-mail_pop3_module --without-mail_imap_module --without-mail_smtp_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
make && make install
四、一些常见的问题
疑问1.upload_set_form_field的变量名
http://serverfault.com/questions/152194/merging-variable-with-string-in-config-file
Question:
I the have following setup in my conf file
upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.name "$upload_file_name";
But I want change chosen param name to:
upload_set_form_field ($upload_field_name+"[name]") "$upload_file_name";
So I can get "attachment[name]" but this doesn't work. I would be very happy if someone could help me with merging variables with string in nginx config file :).
Anwser：
Nginx does not have a concatenation character, rather it's based on valid and invalid characters, for instance in the directive:
try_files $uri $uri/ @fallback;
$uri is the variable and / is a string to append since / cannot be in a variable name.
Similarly you should try
$upload_field_name[name] "$upload_file_name";
If this doesn't work then try.
set $foo [name];
$upload_field_name$foo "$upload_file_name";
I cannot say if the upload module will even allow this, though. Minor syntax errors might also be present.
疑问2.upload模块不支持输入数组
http://newbdez33.blogspot.com/2009/05/nginx-upload-module-does-not-support.html
Nginx upload module does not support input array for PHP
Please refer below email,
Jacky Zhang wrote:
> Hi Valery,
>
> It's fine if I using nginx upload module to upload a signle file.
> but It look incorrect that when I use a input like this:
>
>
<input type="file" name="userfiles[]" />
>
> Do you have any suggestion?
No, arrays won't work, you have to list every file input field individually.
--
Best regards,
Valery Kholodkov
疑问3.如何限制上传文件的大小
http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#client_max_body_size
php.ini中要设置一下
file_uploads on 是否允许通过HTTP上传文件的开关。默认为ON即是开
upload_tmp_dir – 文件上传至服务器上存储临时文件的地方，如果没指定就会用系统默认的临时文件夹
upload_max_filesize 8m 望文生意，即允许上传文件大小的最大值。默认为2M
post_max_size 8m 指通过表单POST给PHP的所能接收的最大值，包括表单里的所有值。默认为8M
一般地，设置好上述四个参数后，在网络正常的情况下，上传<=8M的文件是不成问题
但如果要上传>8M的大体积文件，只设置上述四项还一定能行的通。除非你的网络真有100M/S的上传高速，否则你还得继续设置下面的参数。
max_execution_time 600 每个PHP页面运行的最大时间值(秒)，默认30秒
max_input_time 600 每个PHP页面接收数据所需的最大时间，默认60秒
memory_limit 8m 每个PHP页面所吃掉的最大内存，默认8M
另外还要在nginx.conf中做设置。
upload_max_file_size <size> 这个是个软限制
client_max_body_size 这个是硬限制(默认1m)
附录: nginx.conf的配置
# Generic startup file.
user nginx;
worker_processes 4;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65536;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
# Keeps the logs free of messages about not being able to bind().
#daemon off;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 10240;
}
http {
# rewrite_log on;
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
sendfile on;
# tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 3;
# tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain text/css
application/x-javascript text/xml
application/xml application/xml+rss
text/javascript;
client_max_body_size 13m;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
server {
listen 80;
server_name image.demo.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/image.access.log;
location / {
index index.html;
root /images;
}
}
server{
listen 80;
server_name upload.demo.com;
root /var/wwwroot;
# 上传页面会把文件上传到这个location
location /upload {
# 文件上传以后转给后端的PHP代码去处理
upload_pass /movefile.php;
# 上传的文件临时存储位置
# 此处注意，我把临时文件目录放到了tmpfs中，为了速度，但有丢失数据的风险！
upload_store /dev/shm;
# Allow uploaded files to be read only by user
upload_store_access user:r;
# Set specified fields in request body
upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.name "$upload_file_name";
upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.content_type "$upload_content_type";
upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.path "$upload_tmp_path";
# Inform backend about hash and size of a file
upload_aggregate_form_field "$upload_field_name.md5" "$upload_file_md5";
upload_aggregate_form_field "$upload_field_name.size" "$upload_file_size";
upload_pass_form_field "^submit$|^description$";
upload_cleanup 400 404 499 500-505;
}
# location @test {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
# }
location ~ \.php {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
}参考文档:
http://blog.martinfjordvald.com/2010/08/file-uploading-with-php-and-nginx/
http://brainspl.at/articles/2008/07/20/nginx-upload-module
http://www.phpabc.cn/nginxphp-fpmyou-hua-post-xing-neng.html
http://deidara.blog.51cto.com/400447/389873
http://anerg.com/read.php?55
http://t.lava.cn/blog.php?id=23726
http://blog.joshsoftware.com/2010/10/20/uploading-multiple-files-with-nginx-upload-module-and-upload-progress-bar/
http://matthewhutchinson.net/2010/1/6/nginx-upload-module-with-paperclip-on-rails
http://b.oldhu.com/2009/06/09/uploading-multiple-large-files-to-a-rails-application/
http://www.tutorialchip.com/php-upload-class/