问题
centos直接安装mariadb会遇到众多问题。如果直接安装mysql, 由于oracle官方维护不够给力,使用起来有一定的风险,所以必须要安装mariadb。如果用yum安装(在阿里云亲测),由于网络不好,下载安装包的过程中,总是容易中断。如果用源码安装,先要求装gnutls, gnutls又依赖nettle,但是nettle即使版本是按gnutls要求安装的,仍然会报: Libnettle 3.1 was not found. 的问题
规划:
日志路径:/home/datum/data/logs/mariadb
数据库表数据路径: /home/datum/data/appdata/maria_data/dbdata
sock路径: /home/datum/data/appdata/maria_data/sock/
给相关的所有文件夹递归的赋权限: chmod -R 777 /home/datum/data
安装操作系统底层依赖
yum -y install lrzsz unzip lsof rsync cmake gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake zlib* libxml* \
ncurses ncurses-devel libtool libtool-ltdl-devel* make bison bison-devel \
openssl-devel libevent-devel \
libaio libaio-devel pam-devel boost boost-devel valgrind-devel \
libnl-devel popt-devel popt-static bzr
yum -y install pcre-devel* boost-devel check-devel boost-* nmap-* \
nc-* openssl*
下载安装文件
查看可下载的galera文件: http://galeracluster.com/downloads/
查看可下载的mariadb文件: http://yum.mariadb.org/10.2/centos6-amd64/rpms/
如果galera用yum安装不成功,到 http://releases.galeracluster.com/galera-3/centos/6/x86_64/ 中查看合适的文件,并下载: wget http://releases.galeracluster.com/galera-3/centos/6/x86_64/galera-3-25.3.23-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
安装: rpm -ivh galera-3-25.3.23-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
先进入 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/mariadb-10.2.6/yum/centos6-amd64/rpms/ 选择要安装的具体文件
再用命令下载安装文件:
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/mariadb-10.2.6/yum/centos6-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-10.2.6-centos6-x86_64-client.rpm
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/mariadb-10.2.6/yum/centos6-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-10.2.6-centos6-x86_64-server.rpm
如果下载失败,进入官方库下载: https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/
wget http://yum.mariadb.org/10.2/centos6-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-10.2.9-centos6-x86_64-common.rpm
wget http://yum.mariadb.org/10.2/centos6-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-10.2.9-centos6-x86_64-compat.rpm
wget http://yum.mariadb.org/10.2/centos6-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-10.2.9-centos6-x86_64-client.rpm
wget http://yum.mariadb.org/10.2/centos6-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-10.2.9-centos6-x86_64-server.rpm
如果不能下载,则查看是不是版本有修改,换成存在的版本文件即可。
安装
卸载老版,以免产生冲突:卸载老版,以免产生冲突 : yum remove mysql-libs
安装所依赖的基础库: yum -y install galera perl perl-DBI
安装commn,compat,命令: rpm -ivh MariaDB-10.2.9-centos6-x86_64-common.rpm MariaDB-10.2.9-centos6-x86_64-compat.rpm
安装devel,命令: rpm -ivh MariaDB-10.2.11-centos6-x86_64-devel.rpm
安装客户端: rpm -ivh MariaDB-10.2.9-centos6-x86_64-client.rpm
再安装server,命令: rpm -ivh MariaDB-10.2.6-centos6-x86_64-server.rpm
注意: commn,compat要一起安装,否则会报以下的错误:
# rpm -ivh MariaDB-10.2.9-centos6-x86_64-compat.rpm
warning: MariaDB-10.2.9-centos6-x86_64-compat.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 1bb943db: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
MariaDB-common is needed by MariaDB-compat-10.2.9-1.el6.x86_64
# rpm -ivh MariaDB-10.2.9-centos6-x86_64-common.rpm
warning: MariaDB-10.2.9-centos6-x86_64-common.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 1bb943db: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
MariaDB-compat is needed by MariaDB-common-10.2.9-1.el6.x86_64
数据库配置
配置数据库。先看有没有文件/etc/my.cnf ,如果没有, 执行 cp /usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf 先将配置文件拷到默认位置,然后再修改里面的内容。
配置内容:
# The following options will be passed to all MariaDB clients
[client] #password=your_password
port=3306
socket=/home/datum/data/appdata/maria_data/sock/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MariaDB server
[mysqld]
port=3306character_set_server=utf8
datadir=/home/datum/data/appdata/maria_data/dbdata
socket=/home/datum/data/appdata/maria_data/sock/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 128M# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server_id=1
log-error=/home/datum/data/logs/mariadb/mysql.log
slow-query-log = 1
slow-query-log-file =/home/datum/data/logs/mariadb/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time =5
wait_timeout=2147483
interactive_timeout=2147483
#10s per transaction
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=10
#mysql 事件计划开启
event_scheduler=1
# from net http://www.tuicool.com/articles/a6jeiu http://www.jb51.net/article/58537.htm
# 启用 InnoDB 的每张表一个数据文件设置
innodb_file_per_table=1
# 配置 MySQL 的线程缓存数量
thread_cache_size =32
# 配置 MySQL 的查询缓存容量。验证: show status like '%Qcache%';
query_cache_type=1
# query_cache_limit = 256K
# query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
query_cache_size=128M
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
设置相关文件夹的权限: chown -R mysql:mysql /home/datum/data/logs/mariadb
chown -R mysql:mysql /home/datum/data/appdata/maria_data
chmod -R 777 /home/datum/data/appdata/maria_data
chmod -R 777 /home/datum/data/logs/mariadb
执行mariadb初始化命令:
cd /etc/my.cnf.d/
mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --datadir=/home/datum/data/appdata/maria_data/dbdata/ --user=mysql
有些mysql的命令是访问的是其它目录的mysql.sock,做一下链接(此处用的是软链接):
ln -s /home/datum/data/appdata/maria_data/sock/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
启动mariadb(mysql): service mysql start
mariadb重置密码命令:mysqladmin -u root password "123456"如果报错,则修改mysql文件: vim /etc/init.d/mysql 找到 bindir/mysqld_safe,在后面添加 “ --user=root”如下:
307 then
308 # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
309 # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
310 $bindir/mysqld_safe --user=root --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" "$@" &
311 wait_for_ready; return_value=$?
312
313 # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
314 if test -w "$lockdir"
315 then
316 touch "$lock_file_path"
允许远程登录: GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%'IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; flush privileges;
其中,123456为root的密码。root密码设置完后,必须要重启mysql才能生效
重启mariadb(mysql): service mysql restart
mariadb用户名密码登录命令: mysql -uroot -p123456
允许远程登录: GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; flush privileges;
其中,123456为root的密码。在实际的命令中,要把密码修改掉,不然登录不上
查看数据库: show databases;
切换数据库: use mysql;
展示所有表: show tables;
卸载老版,以免产生冲突