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esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询

数据库2024-04-21 15:05:57
match

对字段进行全文检索，最基本和常用的查询类型，API示例如下：

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "java菜"
    }
  }
}

首先会将查询条件进行分词，如果查询的字段是text的格式，也会对要查询的字段进行分词。满足一个分词的条件就好被查询出来。

text

上面的title是text类型，查询结果是：

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 1.474477,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
        "_score" : 1.474477,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
          "title" : "java怎么学",
          "author" : "李四",
          "wordCount" : 2500,
          "publishDate" : "2019-10-01T11:11:11"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "6e028090-453d-4995-9b6f-c64fec701d57",
        "_score" : 0.37881336,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "6e028090-453d-4995-9b6f-c64fec701d57",
          "title" : "java基础",
          "author" : "张三",
          "wordCount" : 1000,
          "publishDate" : "2019-09-01T11:11:11"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "9b821e2a-79dc-4288-b47a-817ad8496eda",
        "_score" : 0.33698124,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "9b821e2a-79dc-4288-b47a-817ad8496eda",
          "title" : "java大法好",
          "author" : "张三",
          "wordCount" : 2000,
          "publishDate" : "2019-11-01T10:00:00"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

包含java或菜的文档都会被查询出来。下面是对一个查询的分析。

esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询,esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询_字段,第1张

除了或的关系，还能指定分词的结果必须同时满足。

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "java学",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}

查询结果要必须包含java和学：

{
  "took" : 33,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.474477,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
        "_score" : 1.474477,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
          "title" : "java怎么学",
          "author" : "李四",
          "wordCount" : 2500,
          "publishDate" : "2019-10-01T11:11:11"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

通过minimum_should_match可以控制需要匹配的单词数。

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "java学",
        "minimum_should_match": 2 #必须包含2个匹配的单词
      }
    }
  }
}

keword或者其他

keword或者其他格式的字段是不会进行分词的。例如：

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "author": "李四"
    }
  }
}

这里的author是keyword格式，所以必须等于李四才会返回，而不会分词。

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.2039728,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
        "_score" : 1.2039728,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
          "title" : "java怎么学",
          "author" : "李四",
          "wordCount" : 2500,
          "publishDate" : "2019-10-01T11:11:11"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
match_phrase

match_phrase是短语搜索，亦即它会将给定的短语（phrase）当成一个完整的查询条件。当使用match_phrase进行搜索的时候，你的结果集中，所有的Document都必须包含你指定的查询词组。

match_phrase匹配keyword字段

这个同上必须跟keywork一致才可以。

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "author": "李四"
    }
  }
}

返回结果：

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.3862944,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
        "_score" : 1.3862944,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
          "title" : "java怎么学",
          "author" : "李四",
          "wordCount" : 2500,
          "publishDate" : "2019-10-01T11:11:11"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

match_phrase匹配text字段

match_phrase是分词的，text也是分词的。match_phrase的分词结果必须在text字段分词中都包含，而且顺序必须相同，而且必须都是连续的。

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "title": "怎么学"
    }
  }
}

返回结果：

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 2.5122144,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
        "_score" : 2.5122144,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
          "title" : "java怎么学",
          "author" : "李四",
          "wordCount" : 2500,
          "publishDate" : "2019-10-01T11:11:11"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "Ic7qYmwB4Jr3cw6pi6Wc",
        "_score" : 2.5122144,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "es怎么学",
          "author" : "李",
          "wordCount" : 3500,
          "publishDate" : "2019-11-01T11:11:11"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
query_string

可以在query中增加筛选条件，default_field表示默认查询的字段。

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "default_field": "title",
      "query": "java AND 菜"
    }
  }
}

fields 指定要查询的字段。

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "fields": ["title", "author"],
      "query": "java AND 张三"
    }
  }
}
term

将查询语句作为整个单词进行查询，即不对查询语句做分词处理。

term查询keyword字段

term不会分词。而keyword字段也不分词。需要完全匹配才可。

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "author": {
        "value": "李四"
      }
    }
  }
}

返回结果：

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.3862944,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
        "_score" : 1.3862944,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
          "title" : "java怎么学",
          "author" : "李四",
          "wordCount" : 2500,
          "publishDate" : "2019-10-01T11:11:11"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

term查询text字段

因为text字段会分词，而term不分词，所以term查询的条件必须是text字段分词后的某一个。

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "title": {
        "value": "java"
      }
    }
  }
}

返回结果：

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 0.57843524,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "6e028090-453d-4995-9b6f-c64fec701d57",
        "_score" : 0.57843524,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "6e028090-453d-4995-9b6f-c64fec701d57",
          "title" : "java基础",
          "author" : "张三",
          "wordCount" : 1000,
          "publishDate" : "2019-09-01T11:11:11"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
        "_score" : 0.5155618,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
          "title" : "java怎么学",
          "author" : "李四",
          "wordCount" : 2500,
          "publishDate" : "2019-10-01T11:11:11"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "9b821e2a-79dc-4288-b47a-817ad8496eda",
        "_score" : 0.5155618,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "9b821e2a-79dc-4288-b47a-817ad8496eda",
          "title" : "java大法好",
          "author" : "张三",
          "wordCount" : 2000,
          "publishDate" : "2019-11-01T10:00:00"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
terms

类似于sql中的in，查询字段title包含学和菜。

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "title": [
        "学",
        "菜"
      ]
    }
  }
}

返回结果：

{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "c7738478-d1da-43d7-b839-29e894cbdf08",
          "title" : "java怎么学",
          "author" : "李四",
          "wordCount" : 2500,
          "publishDate" : "2019-10-01T11:11:11"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "a7c5b2d2-aff7-415a-8c24-3caebc938116",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "id" : "a7c5b2d2-aff7-415a-8c24-3caebc938116",
          "title" : "j菜谱",
          "author" : "王五",
          "wordCount" : 2500,
          "publishDate" : "2019-10-01T11:11:11"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "book",
        "_type" : "book",
        "_id" : "Ic7qYmwB4Jr3cw6pi6Wc",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "es怎么学",
          "author" : "李",
          "wordCount" : 3500,
          "publishDate" : "2019-11-01T11:11:11"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
range

范围查询主要针对数值和日期类型，如下所示：

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "wordCount": {
        "gte": 1000,
        "lte": 2000
      }
    }
  }
}

包含比较条件是：gt、gte、lt、lte。

对于日期类型还提供了更友好的计算方式：

esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询,esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询_3d_02,第2张

esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询,esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询_3d_03,第3张

例如：

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "publishDate": {
        "gte": "2011-09-01T11:11:11||+5y",
        "lte": "now+2M"
      }
    }
  }
}
Bool Query

布尔查询由一个或多个布尔子句组成，主要包括4个：

esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询,esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询_字段_04,第4张

esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询,esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询_3d_05,第5张

其中的must、must_not、should、filter都是支持数组格式，每个元素既可以是term类的字段查询也可以是bool的复合条件查询。

Filter

Filter查询只过滤符合条件的文档，不会进行相关性算分。

  • es针对filter会有智能缓存，因此其执行效率很高。
  • 做简单匹配查询且不考虑算分时，推荐使用filter代替query等。
GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": [
        {
          "term": {
            "author": "张三"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

must

必须同时满足设置的多个查询条件。

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "author": "李四"
          }
        },
        {
        "match": {
          "title": "java"
        }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

must_not

必须不包含。例如：

GET book/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "author": "张三"
          }
        }
      ],
      "must_not": [
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "java"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

should

当bool查询中只包含should，不包含must。

esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询,esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询_esjava根据id 和时间范围查询_06,第6张

当bool查询中同时包含should和must。

esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询,esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询_java_07,第7张

_count

_count用来查询符合条件的文档数，而不用返回具体内容。

GET book/_count
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "title": {
        "value": "java"
      }
    }
  }
}

返回结果：

{
  "count" : 3,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  }
}
_source

过滤返回结果中_source中的字段，主要有以下几种方式。

esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询,esjava根据id 和时间范围查询 elasticsearch 根据id查询_esjava根据id 和时间范围查询_08,第8张



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