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Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示

编程语言2024-04-21 01:30:45

关于本文

本文是一个dubbo的入门demo,目的在于快速入门

Dubbo是什么


  • 一款分布式服务框架
  • 高性能和透明化的RPC远程服务调用方案
  • SOA服务治理方案

Dubbo入门Demo

了解了Dubbo以后，自然要搭建一个简单的Demo实现。

由于Dubbo需要一个注册中心，本文采用的是Zookeeper.

主要是以下几个步骤：


  2. 安装Zookeeper,启动；
  3. 创建MAVEN项目，构建Dubbo+Zookeeper+Spring实现的简单Demo；
  4. 安装Dubbo-admin，实现监控。

Zookeeper的安装

本文不是讲Zookeeper的，所以关于Zookeeper的安装请移步​​这篇教程​​。

创建MAVEN项目

Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示,Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示_xml,第1张

创建好的maven项目如图所示，其中provider和consumer都依赖api.前者是服务提供者，后者是服务消费者。

下面将详细叙述代码构建过程。

  1. 首先构建MAVEN项目，导入所需要的jar包依赖。 需要导入的有spring, dubbo, zookeeper等jar包。 其中DubboDemo的pom.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.bxoon</groupId>
    <artifactId>DubboDemo</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>dubbo-api</module>
        <module>dubbo-consumer</module>
        <module>dubbo-provider</module>
    </modules>

    <name>DubboDemo Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

        <!-- spring版本号 -->
        <spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>

        <!-- mybatis版本号 -->
        <mybatis.version>3.2.8</mybatis.version>

        <!-- mysql驱动版本号 -->
        <mysql-driver.version>5.1.29</mysql-driver.version>

        <!-- log4j日志包版本号 -->
        <slf4j.version>1.7.18</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 添加jstl依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax</groupId>
            <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
            <version>7.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加junit4依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <!-- 指定范围，在测试时才会加载 -->
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加spring核心依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加mybatis依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加mybatis/spring整合包依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加mysql驱动依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql-driver.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 添加数据库连接池依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加fastjson -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.22</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加日志相关jar包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- log end -->
        <!-- 映入JSON -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
            <version>1.9</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-ehcache</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- dubbo -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.3</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
            <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
            <version>0.10</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>DubboDemo</finalName>
    </build>
</project>
  1. 创建dubbo-api的MAVEN项目(有独立的pom.xml，用来打包供提供者消费者使用)。 在项目中定义服务接口：该接口需单独打包，在服务提供方和消费方共享。
    Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示,Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示_Dubbo Admin安装_02,第2张
    DemoService
package com.bxoon;

import java.util.List;

public interface DemoService {
    List<String> getPermissions(Long id);
}
  1. 创建dubbo-provider的MAVEN项目(有独立的pom.xml，用来打包供消费者使用)。 实现公共接口，此实现对消费者隐藏：
    Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示,Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示_Dubbo Admin安装_03,第3张
    pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>DubboDemo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.bxoon</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>dubbo-provider</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.bxoon</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

DemoServiceImpl

package com.bxoon;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {

    @Override
    public List<String> getPermissions(Long id) {
        List<String> demo = new ArrayList<String>();
        demo.add(String.format("Permission_%d", id - 1));
        demo.add(String.format("Permission_%d", id));
        demo.add(String.format("Permission_%d", id + 1));
        return demo;
    }
}

Provider

package com.bxoon;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.io.IOException;

public class Provider {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("provider.xml");
        System.out.println(context.getDisplayName() + ": here");
        context.start();
        System.out.println("服务已经启动...");
        System.in.read();
    }
}

provider.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
    <!--定义了提供方应用信息，用于计算依赖关系；在 dubbo-admin 或 dubbo-monitor 会显示这个名字，方便辨识-->
    <dubbo:application name="demotest-provider" owner="programmer" organization="dubbox"/>
    <!--使用 zookeeper 注册中心暴露服务，注意要先开启 zookeeper-->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.23.128:2181"/>
    <!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880"/>
    <!--使用 dubbo 协议实现定义好的 api.PermissionService 接口-->
    <dubbo:service interface="com.bxoon.DemoService" ref="demoService" protocol="dubbo"/>
    <!--具体实现该接口的 bean-->
    <bean id="demoService" class="com.bxoon.DemoServiceImpl"/>
</beans>

log4j.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/" debug="false">
    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%d{dd/MM/yy hh:mm:ss:sss z}] %t %5p %c{2}: %m%n" />
        </layout>
    </appender>
    <root>
        <level value="INFO" />
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE" />
    </root>
</log4j:configuration>

创建dubbo-consumer的MAVEN项目(可以有多个consumer，但是需要配置好)。 调用所需要的远程服务：

Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示,Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示_xml_04,第4张

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>DubboDemo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.bxoon</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>dubbo-consumer</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.bxoon</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

Consumer

package com.bxoon;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //测试常规服务
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("consumer.xml");
        context.start();
        System.out.println("consumer start");
        DemoService demoService = context.getBean(DemoService.class);
        System.out.println("consumer");
        System.out.println(demoService.getPermissions(1L));
    }
}

consumer.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
    <dubbo:application name="demotest-consumer" owner="programmer" organization="dubbox"/>
    <!--向 zookeeper 订阅 provider 的地址，由 zookeeper 定时推送-->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.23.128:2181"/>
    <!--使用 dubbo 协议调用定义好的 api.PermissionService 接口-->
    <dubbo:reference id="permissionService" interface="com.bxoon.DemoService"/>
</beans>

log4j.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/" debug="false">
    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%d{dd/MM/yy hh:mm:ss:sss z}] %t %5p %c{2}: %m%n" />
        </layout>
    </appender>
    <root>
        <level value="INFO" />
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE" />
    </root>
</log4j:configuration>

运行项目，先确保provider已被运行后再启动consumer模块

Dubbo管理控制台介绍

下载dubbo-admin，可自行根据网上介绍安装。大致做法就是将dubbo-admin中 的某个文件夹内容替换到tomcat的conf中，再运行tomcat即可。但我在实际操作中发现JDK8无法运行，后来找到一个JDK8可以实现的dubbo-admin版本，下载地址：http://www.itmayun.com/it/files/226631678709806/resource/901920001882583/1.html。

成功开启输入用户名密码root后，即可进入控制台首页查看消费者提供者情况： 可能会出现看不到服务的情况，如果出现请看​​这篇教程​​

Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示,Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示_Dubbo入门Demo_05,第5张

Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示,Dubbo入门-Dubbo Demo演示_xml_06,第6张

整个项目的代码已经上传到我的github上，​​地址​​

dubbo深入

​​dubbo 支持的9种协议​​

​​dubbo负载均衡策略及对应源码分析​​

​​Dubbo使用之容错机制​​


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