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spring写test代码怎么注入 spring 代码

编程语言2024-05-16 11:47:29

目录

1.创建工程

2.pom.文件

3.spring配置文件

4.使用有参数构造方法创建

5. 使用有参数构造方法创建javaBean

6.init-method：指定bean的初始化方法

7. 复杂属性的配置

8.多配置文件

9.与web集成

10.集成配置

11.获取配置的Bean

依赖配置如下：

<properties>
		<hibernate.version>5.2.12.Final</hibernate.version>
		<mysql.driver.version>5.1.44</mysql.driver.version>
		<spring.version>5.2.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
		<struts2.version>2.5.13</struts2.version>
		<slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>
		<log4j.version>2.9.1</log4j.version>
		<disruptor.version>3.2.0</disruptor.version>
		<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
		<servlet.version>4.0.1</servlet.version>
		<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
		<standard.version>1.1.2</standard.version>
		<tomcat-jsp-api.version>8.5.20</tomcat-jsp-api.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.12</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!-- spring 相关 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- 数据库驱动 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>${mysql.driver.version}</version>
		</dependency>
	
		<!--4. log配置：Log4j2 + Slf4j -->
		<!-- slf4j核心包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!--用于与slf4j保持桥接 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
					<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>

		<!--核心log4j2jar包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!--web工程需要包含log4j-web，非web工程不需要 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-web</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!--需要使用log4j2的AsyncLogger需要包含disruptor -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.lmax</groupId>
			<artifactId>disruptor</artifactId>
			<version>${disruptor.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!--5. other -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>${junit.version}</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>${servlet.version}</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!--6. jstl -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			<version>${jstl.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
			<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
			<version>${standard.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- 7. jsp自定义标签依赖 (必须与tomcat的版本一致) -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
			<artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId>
			<version>${tomcat-jsp-api.version}</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>

	</dependencies>

注： 该依赖配置不仅包含了spring，同时也包含了hibernate，struts，mysql驱动等。

 spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">


	
</beans>

示例代码

 示例1

1） Student

public class Student {
	
	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Demo [name=" + name + "]";
	}

}

2） spring.xml 配置文件

<bean id="demo" class="org.lisen.springdemo.model.Demo">
		<property name="name">
			<value>张三</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

配置文件说明：

  • id：在容器中查找Bean的id(唯一、且不能以/开头)
  • class：bean的完整类名
  • name：在容器中查找Bean的名字(唯一、允许以/开头、允许多个值，多个值之间用逗号或空格隔开)
  • scope:(singleton|prototype)默认是singleton
    singleton: 单例模式, 在每个Spring IoC容器中一个bean定义对应一个对象实例
    prototype： 原型模式/多例模式, 一个bean定义对应多个对象实例
  • parent：指定一个父bean(必须要有继承关系才行)
  • abstract: 将一个bean定义成抽象bean(抽象bean是不能实例化的),抽象类一定要定义成抽象bean,非抽象类也可以定义成抽象bean

注： 在这里配置的name属性为简单的String属性，可以直接使用value进行配置。另外可以直接使用value设置的如下：
8基础数据+String+3个sql
java.util.Date
java.sql.Date
java.sql.Time
java.sql.Timestamp

3） 通过Spring的ApplicationContext获取Bean

public class SpringDemo {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
		Student demo = (Student)cxt.getBean("demo");
		System.out.println(demo);
	}

}

示例2 （abstract，parent示例）

1） Person

public class Student extends Person {
	
	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Demo [name=" + name + "]";
	}

}

2） Student

public class Student extends Person {
	
	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Demo [name=" + name + "]";
	}

}

3） 配置文件

<bean id="student" class="org.lisen.springdemo.model.Student" parent="person">
		<property name="name">
			<value>张三</value>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="person" class="org.lisen.springdemo.model.Person" abstract="true">
		<property name="phone">
			<value>139751878778</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

4） 通过Spring的ApplicationContext获取Bean

public class SpringDemo {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
		Student student = (Student)cxt.getBean("student");
		System.out.println(student.getName());
		System.out.println(student.getPhone());
	}

}

使用有参数构造方法创建javaBean

constructor-arg

1） Worker

public class Worker extends Person {

	private String workName;
	
	public Worker(String workName) {
		this.workName = workName;
	}

	public String getWorkName() {
		return workName;
	}

	public void setWorkName(String workName) {
		this.workName = workName;
	}
	
}

2）配置文件

<bean id="worker" class="org.lisen.springdemo.model.Worker" parent="person">
		<constructor-arg name="workName">
			<value>王小</value>
		</constructor-arg>
		<!-- 第二种方式
		<constructor-arg index="0">
			<value>王小</value>
		</constructor-arg>
		 -->
	</bean>

3） 通过Spring的ApplicationContext获取Bean

public class SpringDemo {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
		Student student = (Student)cxt.getBean("student");
		System.out.println(student.getName());
		System.out.println(student.getPhone());
		
		//构造函数注入
		Worker worker = (Worker)cxt.getBean("worker");
		System.out.println(worker.getWorkName());
	}

}

指定bean的初始化方法

  1. 修改上面的Student类，加入一个init方法，注意该方法不能有参数
public class Student extends Person {
	
	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Demo [name=" + name + "]";
	}
	
	//init方法，不能有参数
	public void init() {
		System.out.println("Student init ....");
	}

}

2） 修改Student类对应的配置文件

<bean id="student" class="org.lisen.springdemo.model.Student" parent="person" init-method="init">
		<property name="name">
			<value>张三</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

3） 运行原来的测试用例，会发生后台打印“Student init ....“，表示init-method正常调用。

1） JavaBean属性注入

<bean id="student" class="org.lisen.springdemo.model.Student" parent="person" init-method="init">
		<property name="name">
			<value>张三</value>
		</property>
		<property name="addr" ref="addr"/>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="addr" class="org.lisen.springdemo.model.Addr">
		<property name="city">
			<value>长沙</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

java部分代码比较简单，请根据配置文件自行完成。

2）List或数组

声明属性

private int[] arr;
 private List list;

配置文件

<property name="list">
			<list>
				<value>123</value>
				<value>456</value>
				<value>789</value>
				<value>asd</value>
			</list>
		</property>

3）Map

private Map map;

配置文件

<property name="map">
			<map>
				<entry key="aa" value="123"/>
				<entry key="bb" value="456"/>
				<entry key="cc" value="789"/>
			</map>
		</property>
  1. Properties
private Properties prop;

配置文件

<property name="prop">
			<props>
				<prop key="dd">qwer</prop>
				<prop key="ee">tyu</prop>
				<prop key="ff">iop</prop>
			</props>
		</property>

多配置文件

系统一般会被分成多个模块，可以为每个模块配置一个配置文件，便于管理，在版本控制软件中也可以减少冲突

spring-a.xml 假设为a模块的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
	
	<bean id="student" class="org.lisen.springdemo.model.Student" parent="person" init-method="init">
		<property name="name">
			<value>张三</value>
		</property>
		<property name="addr" ref="addr"/>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="addr" class="org.lisen.springdemo.model.Addr">
		<property name="city">
			<value>长沙</value>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="person" class="org.lisen.springdemo.model.Person" abstract="true">
		<property name="phone">
			<value>139751878778</value>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="worker" class="org.lisen.springdemo.model.Worker" parent="person">
		<constructor-arg name="workName">
			<value>王小</value>
		</constructor-arg>
		<!-- 第二种方式
		<constructor-arg index="0">
			<value>王小</value>
		</constructor-arg>
		 -->
	</bean>
	
</beans>

spring.xml 为总的spring配置文件， 在总配置文件中导入其他模块即可。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
	
	<import resource="spring-a.xml"/>
	
</beans>

与web集成

集成配置

在web.xml中加入如下配置：

<context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

     <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

获取配置的Bean

/**
 * 用于简化Bean的获取.
 * 
 * ApplicationContextAware接口：
 * 实现了这个接口的bean，当spring容器初始化的时候，会自动的将ApplicationContext注入进来
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 */
public final class SpringBeanUtil implements ApplicationContextAware {
	
	private SpringBeanUtil() {
	}
	
	private static ApplicationContext cxt;

	@Override
	public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext appContext) throws BeansException {
		cxt = appContext;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * 根据Bean的id来获取Bean对象
	 * @param id 配置文件中的bean的id属性
	 * @return Object
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public static <T> T getBean(String id) {
		return (T)cxt.getBean(id);
	}
	
}

配置文件

<bean 
class="org.lisen.springdemo.util.SpringBeanUtil"/>

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