硬件抽象层模块编写规范
硬件抽象层最终都会生成.so文件,放到系统对应的目录中。在系统使用的时候,系统会去对应目录下加载so文件,实现硬件抽象层的功能。因此硬件抽象层的加载过程就是我们使用so的一个接口。先了解加载过程从源头了解抽象层模块儿的编写规范。
1、硬件抽象层加载过程
系统在加载so的过程中,会去两个目录下查找对应id的so文件。这两个目录分别是/system/lib/hw和/vendor/lib/hw。
so文件的名字分为两个部分例如id.prop.so,第一部分是模块id。第二部分是系统prop的值,获取顺序为“ro.hardware”、“ro.producat.board”、“ro.board.platform”、“ro.arch”,如果prop都找不到的话,就用default。(不是找不到prop的值,是找不到prop值对应的so文件)。
负责加载硬件抽象层模块的函数是hw_get_module,所在的文件是/hardware/libhardware/hardware.c如下:
/** Base path of the hal modules */
#if defined(__LP64__)
#define HAL_LIBRARY_PATH1 "/system/lib64/hw"
#define HAL_LIBRARY_PATH2 "/vendor/lib64/hw"
#else
#define HAL_LIBRARY_PATH1 "/system/lib/hw"
#define HAL_LIBRARY_PATH2 "/vendor/lib/hw"
#endif
/**
* There are a set of variant filename for modules. The form of the filename
* is ".variant.so" so for the led module the Dream variants
* of base "ro.product.board", "ro.board.platform" and "ro.arch" would be:
*
* led.trout.so
* led.msm7k.so
* led.ARMV6.so
* led.default.so
*/
static const char *variant_keys[] = {
"ro.hardware", /* This goes first so that it can pick up a different
file on the emulator. */
"ro.product.board",
"ro.board.platform",
"ro.arch"
};
static const int HAL_VARIANT_KEYS_COUNT =
(sizeof(variant_keys)/sizeof(variant_keys[0]));
/**
* Load the file defined by the variant and if successful
* return the dlopen handle and the hmi.
* @return 0 = success, !0 = failure.
*/
static int load(const char *id,
const char *path,
const struct hw_module_t **pHmi)
{
int status;
void *handle;
struct hw_module_t *hmi;
/*
* load the symbols resolving undefined symbols before
* dlopen returns. Since RTLD_GLOBAL is not or'd in with
* RTLD_NOW the external symbols will not be global
*/
handle = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);
if (handle == NULL) {
char const *err_str = dlerror();
ALOGE("load: module=%s\n%s", path, err_str?err_str:"unknown");
status = -EINVAL;
goto done;
}
/* Get the address of the struct hal_module_info. */
const char *sym = HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM_AS_STR;
hmi = (struct hw_module_t *)dlsym(handle, sym);
if (hmi == NULL) {
ALOGE("load: couldn't find symbol %s", sym);
status = -EINVAL;
goto done;
}
/* Check that the id matches */
if (strcmp(id, hmi->id) != 0) {
ALOGE("load: id=%s != hmi->id=%s", id, hmi->id);
status = -EINVAL;
goto done;
}
hmi->dso = handle;
/* success */
status = 0;
done:
if (status != 0) {
hmi = NULL;
if (handle != NULL) {
dlclose(handle);
handle = NULL;
}
} else {
ALOGV("loaded HAL id=%s path=%s hmi=%p handle=%p",
id, path, *pHmi, handle);
}
*pHmi = hmi;
return status;
}
/*
* Check if a HAL with given name and subname exists, if so return 0, otherwise
* otherwise return negative. On success path will contain the path to the HAL.
*/
static int hw_module_exists(char *path, size_t path_len, const char *name,
const char *subname)
{
snprintf(path, path_len, "%s/%s.%s.so",
HAL_LIBRARY_PATH2, name, subname);
if (access(path, R_OK) == 0)
return 0;
snprintf(path, path_len, "%s/%s.%s.so",
HAL_LIBRARY_PATH1, name, subname);
if (access(path, R_OK) == 0)
return 0;
return -ENOENT;
}
int hw_get_module_by_class(const char *class_id, const char *inst,
const struct hw_module_t **module)
{
int i;
char prop[PATH_MAX];
char path[PATH_MAX];
char name[PATH_MAX];
char prop_name[PATH_MAX];
if (inst)
snprintf(name, PATH_MAX, "%s.%s", class_id, inst);
else
strlcpy(name, class_id, PATH_MAX);
/*
* Here we rely on the fact that calling dlopen multiple times on
* the same .so will simply increment a refcount (and not load
* a new copy of the library).
* We also assume that dlopen() is thread-safe.
*/
/* First try a property specific to the class and possibly instance */
snprintf(prop_name, sizeof(prop_name), "ro.hardware.%s", name);
if (property_get(prop_name, prop, NULL) > 0) {
if (hw_module_exists(path, sizeof(path), name, prop) == 0) {
goto found;
}
}
/* Loop through the configuration variants looking for a module */
for (i=0 ; i<HAL_VARIANT_KEYS_COUNT; i++) {
if (property_get(variant_keys[i], prop, NULL) == 0) {
continue;
}
if (hw_module_exists(path, sizeof(path), name, prop) == 0) {
goto found;
}
}
/* Nothing found, try the default */
if (hw_module_exists(path, sizeof(path), name, "default") == 0) {
goto found;
}
return -ENOENT;
found:
/* load the module, if this fails, we're doomed, and we should not try
* to load a different variant. */
return load(class_id, path, module);
}
int hw_get_module(const char *id, const struct hw_module_t **module)
{
return hw_get_module_by_class(id, NULL, module);
}
找到so文件之后,调用方法load方法去加载对应的so文件,并返回hw_module_t结构体。load方法源码在上面程序中。
load方法首先调用dlopen加载对应的so文件到内存中。然后用dlsym方法找到变量HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM_AS_STR符号对应的地址,这个地址也就是一个hw_module_t结构体,然后从这个结构体中拿出id比对load方法出入的id是否一致,如果是的话表示打开成功。加载过程完成。
HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM_AS_STR这个符号值为HMI,也就是必须要保证这个符号之后是一个hw_module_t。接下来的规范中有这个要求。
到此,模块加载完成
2、硬件抽象层模块编写规范
硬件抽象层有两个结构体,一个是hw_module_t和hw_device_t,定义在hardware.h中。
首先说一下hw_module_t的编写规范。
1、必须要有一个“自定义硬件抽象层结构体”,且结构体第一个变量类型要为hw_module_t。
2、必须存在一个HARDWARE_MODULE_INFO_TAG的符号,且指向“自定义硬件抽象层结构体”。在加载的时候根据这个符号找到地址,并把地址的转变为hw_module_t,这也是为什么第一条中hw_module_t必须要在第一个的原因。
3、hw_module_t的tag必须为HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG
4、结构体中要有一个方法列表,其中要有一个open方法。用open方法获得hw_device_t
接下来说一下hw_device_t的编写规范
1、必须要有一个“自定义硬件设备结构体”,且结构体第一个变量类型要为hw_device_t。
2、hw_device_t的tag必须为HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG
3、要有一个close函数指针,来关闭设备
按照上面规范编写的硬件抽象层就可以由系统加载并正确获取到device。具体的应用层逻辑在device中实现。