一、问题
我们在spring的xml配置文件里经常定义各种各样的配置（tx、bean、mvc、bean等等）。以及集成第三方框架时,也会看到一些spring之外的配置,例如dubbo的配置、security的配置、redis的配置等等。spring作为一个庞大的容器,到底是怎么工作的呢？这篇文章将简单的介绍一下其实现机制,具体细节朋友们可以自己查看相关代码。
二、代码分析
稍微了解一点spring的朋友都知道spring的入口方法就是refresh(),所以我们直接进入refresh()方法【不清楚的可以查看一下ClassPathXmlApplicationContext,一步一步跟踪进去】。
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();
// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}
...由于篇幅，我省略了一部分而解析spring配置的入口就在obtainFreshBeanFactory().refreshBeanFactory()中:
protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
if (hasBeanFactory()) {
destroyBeans();
closeBeanFactory();
}
try {
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();
beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);//就是这里
synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
}
}我们首先会告诉spring的配置文件所在路径,即setLocations(),spring创建完BeanFactory,接下来要做的就是解析配置,完成其他各种属性的封装(BeanDefinition、各种代理、映射关系等等)。这里的loadBeanDefinitions就是解析配置的核心方法。
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException, IOException {
// Create a new XmlBeanDefinitionReader for the given BeanFactory.
XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);
// Configure the bean definition reader with this context's
// resource loading environment.
beanDefinitionReader.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment());
beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this);
beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this));
// Allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader,
// then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions.
initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader);
loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);
}DefaultListableBeanFactory 作为BeanFactory的一个核心实例,且实现了BeanDefinitionRegistry接口,在解析之前当然是要给配置文件解析器(XmlBeanDefinitionReader)设置一个存放BeanDefinition的容器(即将注册bean的功能委托给BeanFactory)。然后配置文件解析器就开始它的解析工作了。
我们直接定位到XmlBeanDefinitionReader的doLoadBeanDefinitions方法:
try {
Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);
return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
}
catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
throw ex;
}利用w3c的DOM将配置文件包装成了一个Document对象,接下来就是利用Dom来解析childNode相关属性。
接下来,我们沿着代码定位到DefaultBeaDefinitionDocumentReader中的的parseDefinitions方法:
protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
Node node = nl.item(i);
if (node instanceof Element) {
Element ele = (Element) node;
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
}
else {
delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
}
}
}
}
else {
delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
}
}核心部分来了,spring迭代根节点<beans/>,一个一个的解析其子节点.如果是<beans/>节点,则走parseDefaultElement方法,我们这里关注的是parseCustomElement():
public BeanDefinition parseCustomElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition containingBd) {
String namespaceUri = getNamespaceURI(ele);
NamespaceHandler handler = this.readerContext.getNamespaceHandlerResolver().resolve(namespaceUri);
if (handler == null) {
error("Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace [" + namespaceUri + "]", ele);
return null;
}
return handler.parse(ele, new ParserContext(this.readerContext, this, containingBd));
}根据元素的namespaceUri（也就是xml文件头那一串schema）找到对应的NamespaceHandler.【这里就是扩展自定义配置的入口】
我们接下来看一下resolve()方法:
public NamespaceHandler resolve(String namespaceUri) {
Map<String, Object> handlerMappings = getHandlerMappings();
Object handlerOrClassName = handlerMappings.get(namespaceUri);
if (handlerOrClassName == null) {
return null;
}
else if (handlerOrClassName instanceof NamespaceHandler) {
return (NamespaceHandler) handlerOrClassName;
}
else {
String className = (String) handlerOrClassName;
try {
Class<?> handlerClass = ClassUtils.forName(className, this.classLoader);
if (!NamespaceHandler.class.isAssignableFrom(handlerClass)) {
throw new FatalBeanException("Class [" + className + "] for namespace [" + namespaceUri +
"] does not implement the [" + NamespaceHandler.class.getName() + "] interface");
}
NamespaceHandler namespaceHandler = (NamespaceHandler) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(handlerClass);
namespaceHandler.init();
handlerMappings.put(namespaceUri, namespaceHandler);
return namespaceHandler;
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new FatalBeanException("NamespaceHandler class [" + className + "] for namespace [" +
namespaceUri + "] not found", ex);
}
catch (LinkageError err) {
throw new FatalBeanException("Invalid NamespaceHandler class [" + className + "] for namespace [" +
namespaceUri + "]: problem with handler class file or dependent class", err);
}
}
}对应的NamespaceHandler就是根据handlerMappings找到匹配关系的,所以我们只需要看DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver.getHandlerMappings()即可。
private Map<String, Object> getHandlerMappings() {
if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
try {
Properties mappings =
PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadAllProperties(this.handlerMappingsLocation, this.classLoader);//handlerMappingsLocation默认的路径就是META-INF/spring.handlers
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Loaded NamespaceHandler mappings: " + mappings);
}
Map<String, Object> handlerMappings = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(mappings.size());
CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(mappings, handlerMappings);
this.handlerMappings = handlerMappings;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Unable to load NamespaceHandler mappings from location [" + this.handlerMappingsLocation + "]", ex);
}
}
}
}
return this.handlerMappings;
}spring将classpath下的META-INF/spring.handlers中的配置加载到Map中.这个spring.handler文件就是以NamespaceUrl作为key,对应的Handler作为value的键值对