1.Netty中handler的执行顺序
Handler在Netty中,无疑占据着非常重要的地位。Handler与Servlet中的filter很像,通过Handler可以完成通讯报文的解码编码、拦截指定的报文、
统一对日志错误进行处理、统一对请求进行计数、控制Handler执行与否。一句话,没有它做不到的只有你想不到的
Netty中的所有handler都实现自ChannelHandler接口。按照输入输出来分,分为ChannelInboundHandler、ChannelOutboundHandler两大类
ChannelInboundHandler对从客户端发往服务器的报文进行处理,一般用来执行解码、读取客户端数据、进行业务处理等;ChannelOutboundHandler
对从服务器发往客户端的报文进行处理,一般用来进行编码、发送报文到客户端
Netty中可以注册多个handler。ChannelInboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序执行;ChannelOutboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序逆序执行
如下图所示,按照注册的先后顺序对Handler进行排序,request进入Netty后的执行顺序为:
2.Netty中handler执行顺序代码示例:
客户端代码同上
服务端代码及业务逻辑类:
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;/**
* • 配置服务器功能,如线程、端口 • 实现服务器处理程序,它包含业务逻辑,决定当有一个请求连接或接收数据时该做什么
*/
public class EchoServer {
private final int port;
public EchoServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void start() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = null;
try {
//server端引导类
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
//连接池处理数据
eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
serverBootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//指定通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel,一种异步模式,OIO阻塞模式为OioServerSocketChannel
.localAddress("localhost",port)//设置InetSocketAddress让服务器监听某个端口已等待客户端连接。
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {//设置childHandler执行所有的连接请求
@Override
protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
// 注册两个InboundHandler,执行顺序为注册顺序,所以应该是InboundHandler1 InboundHandler2
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoOutHandler1());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoOutHandler2());
// 注册两个OutboundHandler,执行顺序为注册顺序的逆序,所以应该是OutboundHandler2 OutboundHandler1
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoInHandler1());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoInHandler2());
}
});
// 最后绑定服务器等待直到绑定完成,调用sync()方法会阻塞直到服务器完成绑定,然后服务器等待通道关闭,因为使用sync(),所以关闭操作也会被阻塞。
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind().sync();
System.out.println("开始监听,端口为:" + channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new EchoServer(20000).start();
}
}
业务类EchoInHandler1:
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import java.util.Date;
import cn.itcast_03_netty.sendobject.bean.Person;
public class EchoInHandler1 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("in1");
// 通知执行下一个InboundHandler
ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);//ChannelInboundHandler之间的传递,通过调用 ctx.fireChannelRead(msg) 实现
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
业务类 EchoInHandler2:
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import java.util.Date;
public class EchoInHandler2 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("in2");
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("接收客户端数据:" + body);
//向客户端写数据
System.out.println("server向client发送数据");
String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
ctx.write(resp); //用ctx.write(msg) 将传递到 ChannelOutboundHandler
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ctx.flush();//刷新后才将数据发出到SocketChannel
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
业务逻辑类 EchoOutHandler2:
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
public class EchoOutHandler2 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
System.out.println("out2");
// 执行下一个OutboundHandler
super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
}
}
业务逻辑类 EchoOutHandler1:
import java.util.Date;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
public class EchoOutHandler1 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
// 向client发送消息
public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
System.out.println("out1");
String currentTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString();
ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
ctx.write(resp);
ctx.flush(); //ctx.write()方法执行后,需要调用flush()方法才能令它立即执行
}
}
运行结果:
开始监听,端口为:/127.0.0.1:20000
in1
in2
接收客户端数据:QUERY TIME ORDER
server向client发送数据
out2
out1
总结:
在使用Handler的过程中,需要注意:
1、ChannelInboundHandler之间的传递,通过调用 ctx.fireChannelRead(msg) 实现;调用ctx.write(msg) 将传递到ChannelOutboundHandler
ctx.write()方法执行后,需要调用flush()方法才能令它立即执行。
ChannelOutboundHandler 在注册的时候需要放在最后一个ChannelInboundHandler之前,否则将无法传递到ChannelOutboundHandler
(流水线pipeline中outhander不能放到最后,否则不生效)
Handler的消费处理放在最后一个处理。
你情我愿,我们就在一起!