鍓嶈█ 馃構
鍡ㄥ柦锛屽ぇ瀹跺ソ鍛€~杩欓噷鏄埍鐪嬬編濂崇殑鑼滆寽鍛?/p>
鏈閲囬泦缃戜粙缁嶏細鍥句功棰戦亾-鍏ㄧ悆鏈€澶т腑鏂囩綉涓婁功搴?/p>
涓撲笟鎻愪緵灏忚浼犺,闈掓槬鏂囧,鎴愬姛鍔卞織,鎶曡祫鐞嗚储绛夊悇鍝佺被鍥句功
鐣呴攢姒滄渶鏂版姤浠枫€佷績閿€銆佽瘎璁轰俊鎭?寮曢鏈€鏂扮綉涓婅喘涔︿綋楠?
鐜浣跨敤 馃巿:
Python 3.8
Pycharm
妯″潡浣跨敤 馃帬:
requests >>> pip install requests
parsel >>> pip install parsel
csv
鐖櫕鍩烘湰鎬濊矾娴佺▼ 馃帄:
涓€. 鏁版嵁鏉ユ簮鍒嗘瀽
- 纭畾鑷繁閲囬泦鏁版嵁鍐呭
- 鎶撳寘鍒嗘瀽,鑷繁鎯宠鏁版嵁鏉ヨ嚜鍝噷 ---> 璇锋眰閭ｄ釜url鍦板潃寰楀埌鎯宠鐨勬暟鎹?/li>
- 寮€鍙戣€呭伐鍏锋姄鍖呭垎鏋?F12 鎴栬€?榧犳爣鍙抽敭鐐瑰嚮妫€鏌?閫夋嫨 network(缃戠粶), 鍒锋柊缃戦〉
- 閫氳繃鍏抽敭瀛?鎴戜滑鎯宠鏁版嵁姣斿: 涔﹀悕) 鍘绘悳绱㈡暟鎹寘鏄偅涓?---> 纭畾璇锋眰鏄偅涓綉鍧€寰楀埌鏁版嵁鍐呭
璇锋眰杩欎釜缃戠珯 灏卞彲浠ュ緱鍒版垜浠兂瑕佹暟鎹唴瀹?/p>
浜? 浠ｇ爜瀹炵幇姝ラ:
鍙戦€佽姹? 妯℃嫙娴忚鍣ㄥ浜巙rl鍙戦€佽姹?/p>
鑾峰彇鏁版嵁, 鑾峰彇鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ繑鍥炲搷搴旀暟鎹?---> 寮€鍙戣€呭伐鍏烽噷闈esponse
瑙ｆ瀽鏁版嵁, 鎻愬彇鎴戜滑鎯宠鏁版嵁鍐呭, 涔︾睄鍩烘湰淇℃伅
淇濆瓨鏁版嵁, 淇濆瓨琛ㄦ牸閲岄潰
鏁版嵁閲囬泦 馃帰
# 瀵煎叆鏁版嵁璇锋眰妯″潡 ---> 绗笁鏂规ā鍧?闇€瑕?鍦╟md 閲岄潰 pip install requests
import requests
# 瀵煎叆鏁版嵁瑙ｆ瀽妯″潡 ---> 绗笁鏂规ā鍧?闇€瑕?鍦╟md 閲岄潰 pip install parsel
import parsel
# 瀵煎叆csv妯″潡 ---> 鍐呯疆妯″潡 涓嶉渶瑕佸畨瑁?
import csv
# 鍒涘缓鏂囦欢
f = open('涔︾睄data25椤?csv', mode='a', encoding='utf-8', newline='')
# f鏂囦欢瀵硅薄 fieldnames 瀛楁鍚?---> 琛ㄦ牸绗竴琛?浣滀负琛ㄥご
csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=[
'鏍囬',
'璇勮',
'鎺ㄨ崘',
'浣滆€?,
'鏃ユ湡',
'鍑虹増绀?,
'鍞环',
'鍘熶环',
'鎶樻墸',
'鐢靛瓙涔?,
'璇︽儏椤?,
])
# 婧愮爜銆佽В绛斻€佹暀绋嬪姞Q瑁欙細261823976
# 鍐欏叆琛ㄥご
csv_writer.writeheader()
"""
1. 鍙戦€佽姹? 妯℃嫙娴忚鍣ㄥ浜巙rl鍙戦€佽姹?
- 绛夊彿宸﹁竟鏄畾涔夊彉閲忓悕
- 妯℃嫙娴忚鍣?---> 璇锋眰澶?
headers ---> 鍦ㄥ紑鍙戣€呭伐鍏烽噷闈㈠鍒剁矘璐?瀛楀吀鏁版嵁绫诲瀷
涓€绉嶇畝鍗曞弽鍙嶇埇鎵嬫, 闃叉琚湇鍔″櫒璇嗗埆鍑烘潵鏄埇铏▼搴?
- 浣跨敤浠€涔堣姹傛柟寮? 鏍规嵁寮€鍙戣€呭伐鍏锋潵鐨?
"""
for page in range(1, 26): # 1,26 鏄彇1-25鐨勬暟瀛? 涓嶅寘鍚?6
# 纭畾璇锋眰缃戝潃
url = f'http://bang.dangdang.com/books/bestsellers/01.00.00.00.00.00-recent7-0-0-1-{page}'
# 妯℃嫙娴忚鍣?---> 璇锋眰澶?
headers = {
# User-Agent 鐢ㄦ埛浠ｇ悊 琛ㄧず娴忚鍣ㄥ熀鏈韩浠芥爣璇?
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}
# 鍙戦€佽姹?杩斿洖鐨勫搷搴斿璞?---> <Response [200]>: <> 琛ㄧず瀵硅薄 response 鍝嶅簲鍥炲 200鐘舵€佺爜 琛ㄧず璇锋眰鎴愬姛
response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
print(response)
# 2. 鑾峰彇鏁版嵁, 鑾峰彇鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ繑鍥炲搷搴旀暟鎹?---> 寮€鍙戣€呭伐鍏烽噷闈?response print(response.text)
"""
3. 瑙ｆ瀽鏁版嵁, 鎻愬彇鎴戜滑鎯宠鏁版嵁鍐呭, 涔︾睄鍩烘湰淇℃伅
鏍规嵁寰楀埌鏁版嵁绫诲瀷浠ュ強鎴戜滑鎯宠鏁版嵁鍐呭, 閫夋嫨鏈€閫傚悎瑙ｆ瀽鏂规硶:
- re姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮?
- css閫夋嫨鍣?
- xpath
xpath ---> 鏍规嵁鏍囩鑺傜偣鎻愬彇鏁版嵁
css閫夋嫨鍣?---> 鏍规嵁鏍囩灞炴€ф彁鍙栨暟鎹唴瀹?
css璇硶鍖归厤 涓嶄細 1 浼氱殑 2
澶嶅埗绮樿创浼氫笉浼?---> ctrl + C ctrl + v
"""
# 杞暟鎹被鍨?<Selector xpath=None data='<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/x...'>
selector = parsel.Selector(response.text)
# 绗竴娆℃彁鍙?鎻愬彇鎵€鏈塴i鏍囩 --> 杩斿洖鍒楄〃, 鍏冪礌Selector瀵硅薄
lis = selector.css('.bang_list_mode li')
# for寰幆閬嶅巻 涔嬪悗杩涜浜屾鎻愬彇 鎴戜滑鎯宠鍐呭
for li in lis:
"""
attr() 灞炴€ч€夋嫨鍣?
a::attr(title) ---> 鑾峰彇a鏍囩閲岄潰title灞炴€?
get() 鑾峰彇涓€涓?绗竴涓?
"""
title = li.css('.name a::attr(title)').get() # 鏍囬
star = li.css('.star a::text').get().replace('鏉¤瘎璁?, '') # 璇勮
recommend = li.css('.tuijian::text').get().replace('鎺ㄨ崘', '') # 鎺ㄨ崘
author = li.css('.publisher_info a::attr(title)').get() # 浣滆€?
date = li.css('.publisher_info span::text').get() # 鏃ユ湡
press = li.css('div:nth-child(6) a::text').get() # 鍑虹増绀?
price_n = li.css('.price .price_n::text').get() # 鍞环
price_r = li.css('.price .price_r::text').get() # 鍘熶环
price_s = li.css('.price .price_s::text').get().replace('鎶?, '') # 鎶樻墸
price_e = li.css('.price .price_e .price_n::text').get() # 鐢靛瓙涔?
href = li.css('.name a::attr(href)').get() # 璇︽儏椤?
# 淇濆瓨鏁版嵁
婧愮爜銆佽В绛斻€佹暀绋嬪姞Q瑁欙細261823976
dit = {
'鏍囬': title,
'璇勮': star,
'鎺ㄨ崘': recommend,
'浣滆€?: author,
'鏃ユ湡': date,
'鍑虹増绀?: press,
'鍞环': price_n,
'鍘熶环': price_r,
'鎶樻墸': price_s,
'鐢靛瓙涔?: price_e,
'璇︽儏椤?: href,
}
# 鍐欏叆鏁版嵁
csv_writer.writerow(dit)
print(title, star, recommend, author, date, press, price_n, price_r, price_s, price_e, href, sep=' | ')
璇勮 馃帳
# 瀵煎叆鏁版嵁璇锋眰妯″潡
import time
import requests
import re
for page in range(1, 11):
time.sleep(1.5)
# 纭畾缃戝潃
婧愮爜銆佽В绛斻€佹暀绋嬪姞Q瑁欙細261823976
url = 'http://product.dangdang.com/index.php'
# 璇锋眰鍙傛暟
data = {
'r': 'comment/list',
'productId': '27898031',
'categoryPath': '01.43.77.07.00.00',
'mainProductId': '27898031',
'mediumId': '0',
'pageIndex': page,
'sortType': '1',
'filterType': '1',
'isSystem': '1',
'tagId': '0',
'tagFilterCount': '0',
'template': 'publish',
'long_or_short': 'short',
}
headers = {
'Cookie': '__permanent_id=20220526142043051185927786403737954; dest_area=country_id%3D9000%26province_id%3D111%26city_id%20%3D0%26district_id%3D0%26town_id%3D0; ddscreen=2; secret_key=f4022441400c500aa79d59edd8918a6e; __visit_id=20220723213635653213297242210260506; __out_refer=; pos_6_start=1658583812022; pos_6_end=1658583812593; __trace_id=20220723214559176959858324136999851; __rpm=p_27898031.comment_body..1658583937494%7Cp_27898031.comment_body..1658583997600',
'Host': 'product.dangdang.com',
'Referer': 'http://product.dangdang.com/27898031.html',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
}
response = requests.get(url=url, params=data, headers=headers)
html_data = response.json()['data']['list']['html']
content_list = re.findall("<span><a href='.*?' target='_blank'>(.*?)</a></span>", html_data)
for content in content_list:
with open('璇勮.txt', mode='a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(content)
f.write('\n')
print(content)
璇嶄簯鍥?馃儚
import jieba
import wordcloud
import imageio
# 璇诲彇鍥剧墖
py = imageio.imread('python.png')
# 鎵撳紑鏂囦欢
f = open('璇勮.txt', encoding='utf-8')
# 璇诲彇鍐呭
txt = f.read()
# jieba妯″潡杩涜鍒嗚瘝 ---> 鍒楄〃
txt_list = jieba.lcut(txt)
print(txt_list)
# join鎶婂垪琛ㄥ悎鎴愬瓧绗︿覆
string = ' '.join(txt_list)
# 浣跨敤璇嶄簯搴?
wc = wordcloud.WordCloud(
height=300, # 楂樺害
width=500, # 瀹藉害
background_color='white', # 鑳屾櫙棰滆壊
font_path='msyh.ttc', # 瀛椾綋
scale=15, # 杞粨
stopwords={'鐨?, '浜?, '寰?, '涔?}, # 鍋滅敤璇?
mask=py # 鑷畾涔夎瘝浜戝浘鏍峰紡
)
wc.generate(string) # 闇€瑕佸仛璇嶄簯鏁版嵁浼犲叆杩涘幓
wc.to_file('1.png') # 杈撳叆鍥剧墖
灏捐 馃挐
鎰熻阿浣犺鐪嬫垜鐨勬枃绔犲憪~鏈鑸彮鍒拌繖閲屽氨缁撴潫鍟? 馃洭
甯屾湜鏈瘒鏂囩珷鏈夊浣犲甫鏉ュ府鍔?馃帀锛屾湁瀛︿範鍒颁竴鐐圭煡璇唦
韬茶捣鏉ョ殑鏄熸槦馃崶涔熷湪鍔姏鍙戝厜锛屼綘涔熻鍔姏鍔犳补锛堣鎴戜滑涓€璧峰姫鍔涘彮锛夈€?/p>
涓嶇煡閬撹瘎璁哄暐鐨勶紝鍗充娇鎵ｄ釜6666涔熸槸瀵瑰崥涓荤殑榧撹垶鍚?馃挒 鎰熻阿 馃拹