byte 转换基本数据类型
- kotlin 中可以直接调用 toByte , toInt 之类的函数直接获取。
- java 中需要自己获取，获取方式会放到工具类中。
大端和小端
下面是对连个模式的简单解释。
- 大端模式：是指数据的高字节保存在内存的低地址中，而数据的低字节保存在内存的高地址中，这样的存储模式有点儿类似于 把数据当作字符串顺序处理：地址由小向大增加，而数据从高位往低位放；这和我们的阅读习惯一致。
- 小端模式：是指数据的高字节保存在内存的高地址中，而数据的低字节保存在内存的低地址中。
更详细的可以参考这篇博客，详解大端模式和小端模式。
函数列表：
int2BytesBig :将int转为高字节在前，低字节在后的byte数组（大端）
int2BytesLittle :将int转为低字节在前，高字节在后的byte数组（小端）
bytes2IntLittle :byte数组到int的转换(小端)
bytes2IntBig :byte数组到int的转换(大端)
short2BytesBig :将short转为高字节在前，低字节在后的byte数组（大端）
short2BytesLittle :将short转为低字节在前，高字节在后的byte数组(小端)
bytes2ShortLittle :读取小端byte数组为short
bytes2ShortBig :读取大端byte数组为short
long2BytesBig :long类型转byte[] (大端)
long2BytesLittle :long类型转byte[] (小端)
bytes2LongLittle :byte[]转long类型(小端)
bytes2LongBig :byte[]转long类型(大端)
long2BytesBOS :long类型转byte[] (大端),通过ByteArrayOutputStream实现
bytes2LongBOS :byte[]转long类型(大端),通过ByteArrayOutputStream实现
long2BytesByteBuffer:long类型转byte[] (大端),通过ByteBuffer实现
bytes2LongByteBuffer:byte[]转long类型(大端), 通过ByteBuffer实现
bytes2Long :将字节数组转为long,支持大小端
bytes2LongByteBuffer:将字节数组转为long,支持大小端
int2Byte :int 转 byte
byte2Int :byte 转 int,解决java中byte输出可能为负数的问题
object2Bytes :将 object --> byte 数组
bytes2Object :数组转对象
bytesEquals :两个byte[]是否相同
subBytes :截取byte[]
bytesMerger :拼接byte[] 和 byte[]
bytesMerger :拼接byte 和 byte[]
bytesMerger :拼接byte[] 和 byte
bytesMerger :拼接三个数组
byte2Hex :byte转Hex 16 进制字符串
bytes2Hex :byte[]转Hex
bytes2Hex2 :字节数组转为16进制字符串
hex2Byte :Hex转byte,hex只能含两个字符，如果是一个字符byte高位会是0
hex2Bytes :Hex转byte[]，两种情况，Hex长度为奇数最后一个字符会被舍去
str2HexStr :字符串转为16进制字符串，推荐
hexStr2Str :16进制直接转换成为字符串(无需Unicode解码)，推荐
string2Unicode :字符串转换unicode
unicode2String :unicode 转字符串工具类
public class BytesUtils {
/**
* 将int转为高字节在前，低字节在后的byte数组（大端）
*
* @param n int
* @return byte[]
*/
public static byte[] int2BytesBig(int n) {
byte[] b = new byte[4];
b[3] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
b[2] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
b[1] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
b[0] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
return b;
}
/**
* 将int转为低字节在前，高字节在后的byte数组（小端）
*
* @param n int
* @return byte[]
*/
public static byte[] int2BytesLittle(int n) {
byte[] b = new byte[4];
b[0] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
b[1] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
b[2] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
b[3] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
return b;
}
/**
* byte数组到int的转换(小端)
*
* @param bytes
* @return
*/
public static int bytes2IntLittle(byte[] bytes) {
int int1 = bytes[0] & 0xff;
int int2 = (bytes[1] & 0xff) << 8;
int int3 = (bytes[2] & 0xff) << 16;
int int4 = (bytes[3] & 0xff) << 24;
return int1 | int2 | int3 | int4;
}
/**
* byte数组到int的转换(大端)
*
* @param bytes
* @return
*/
public static int bytes2IntBig(byte[] bytes) {
int int1 = bytes[3] & 0xff;
int int2 = (bytes[2] & 0xff) << 8;
int int3 = (bytes[1] & 0xff) << 16;
int int4 = (bytes[0] & 0xff) << 24;
return int1 | int2 | int3 | int4;
}
/**
* 将short转为高字节在前，低字节在后的byte数组（大端）
*
* @param n short
* @return byte[]
*/
public static byte[] short2BytesBig(short n) {
byte[] b = new byte[2];
b[1] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
b[0] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
return b;
}
/**
* 将short转为低字节在前，高字节在后的byte数组(小端)
*
* @param n short
* @return byte[]
*/
public static byte[] short2BytesLittle(short n) {
byte[] b = new byte[2];
b[0] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
b[1] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
return b;
}
/**
* 读取小端byte数组为short
*
* @param b
* @return
*/
public static short bytes2ShortLittle(byte[] b) {
return (short) (((b[1] << 8) | b[0] & 0xff));
}
/**
* 读取大端byte数组为short
*
* @param b
* @return
*/
public static short bytes2ShortBig(byte[] b) {
return (short) (((b[0] << 8) | b[1] & 0xff));
}
/**
* long类型转byte[] (大端)
*
* @param n
* @return
*/
public static byte[] long2BytesBig(long n) {
byte[] b = new byte[8];
b[7] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
b[6] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
b[5] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
b[4] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
b[3] = (byte) (n >> 32 & 0xff);
b[2] = (byte) (n >> 40 & 0xff);
b[1] = (byte) (n >> 48 & 0xff);
b[0] = (byte) (n >> 56 & 0xff);
return b;
}
/**
* long类型转byte[] (小端)
*
* @param n
* @return
*/
public static byte[] long2BytesLittle(long n) {
byte[] b = new byte[8];
b[0] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
b[1] = (byte) (n >> 8 & 0xff);
b[2] = (byte) (n >> 16 & 0xff);
b[3] = (byte) (n >> 24 & 0xff);
b[4] = (byte) (n >> 32 & 0xff);
b[5] = (byte) (n >> 40 & 0xff);
b[6] = (byte) (n >> 48 & 0xff);
b[7] = (byte) (n >> 56 & 0xff);
return b;
}
/**
* byte[]转long类型(小端)
*
* @param array
* @return
*/
public static long bytes2LongLittle(byte[] array) {
return ((((long) array[0] & 0xff))
| (((long) array[1] & 0xff) << 8)
| (((long) array[2] & 0xff) << 16)
| (((long) array[3] & 0xff) << 24)
| (((long) array[4] & 0xff) << 32)
| (((long) array[5] & 0xff) << 40)
| (((long) array[6] & 0xff) << 48)
| (((long) array[7] & 0xff) << 56));
}
/**
* byte[]转long类型(大端)
*
* @param array
* @return
*/
public static long bytes2LongBig(byte[] array) {
return ((((long) array[0] & 0xff) << 56)
| (((long) array[1] & 0xff) << 48)
| (((long) array[2] & 0xff) << 40)
| (((long) array[3] & 0xff) << 32)
| (((long) array[4] & 0xff) << 24)
| (((long) array[5] & 0xff) << 16)
| (((long) array[6] & 0xff) << 8)
| (((long) array[7] & 0xff)));
}
/**
* long类型转byte[] (大端),通过ByteArrayOutputStream实现
*
* @param l
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static byte[] long2BytesBOS(long l) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(bao);
dos.writeLong(l);
byte[] buf = bao.toByteArray();
return buf;
}
/**
* byte[]转long类型(大端),通过ByteArrayOutputStream实现
*
* @param data
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public long bytes2LongBOS(byte[] data) throws IOException {
ByteArrayInputStream bai = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(bai);
return dis.readLong();
}
/**
* long类型转byte[] (大端),通过ByteBuffer实现
*
* @param value
* @return
*/
public static byte[] long2BytesByteBuffer(long value) {
return ByteBuffer.allocate(Long.SIZE / Byte.SIZE).putLong(value).array();
}
/**
* byte[]转long类型(大端), 通过ByteBuffer实现
*
* @param bytes
* @return
*/
public static long bytes2LongByteBuffer(byte[] bytes) {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8);
buffer.put(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
buffer.flip();
return buffer.getLong();
}
/**
* 将字节数组转为long<br>
* 如果input为null,或offset指定的剩余数组长度不足8字节则抛出异常
*
* @param input byte[]
* @param offset 起始偏移量 0
* @param littleEndian 输入数组是否小端模式
* @return
*/
public static long bytes2Long(byte[] input, int offset, boolean littleEndian) {
long value = 0;
// 循环读取每个字节通过移位运算完成long的8个字节拼装
for (int count = 0; count < 8; ++count) {
int shift = (littleEndian ? count : (7 - count)) << 3;
value |= ((long) 0xff << shift) & ((long) input[offset + count] << shift);
}
return value;
}
/**
* 利用 {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer}实现byte[]转long
*
* @param input byte[]
* @param offset 0
* @param littleEndian 输入数组是否小端模式
* @return
*/
public static long bytes2LongByteBuffer(byte[] input, int offset, boolean littleEndian) {
// 将byte[] 封装为 ByteBuffer
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(input, offset, 8);
if (littleEndian) {
// ByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder) 方法指定字节序,即大小端模式(BIG_ENDIAN/LITTLE_ENDIAN)
// ByteBuffer 默认为大端(BIG_ENDIAN)模式
buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
}
return buffer.getLong();
}
/**
* int 转 byte
*
* @param t
* @return
*/
public static byte int2Byte(int t) {
return (byte) t;
}
/**
* byte 转 int,解决java中byte输出可能为负数的问题
*
* @param b
* @return
*/
public static int byte2Int(byte b) {
return b & 0xFF;
}
/**
* 将 object --> byte 数组
*
* @param obj
* @return
*/
public static byte[] object2Bytes(Object obj) {
byte[] bytes = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
oos.writeObject(obj);
oos.flush();
bytes = bos.toByteArray();
oos.close();
bos.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return bytes;
}
/**
* 数组转对象
*
* @param bytes
* @return
*/
public Object bytes2Object(byte[] bytes) {
Object obj = null;
try {
ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
obj = ois.readObject();
ois.close();
bis.close();
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return obj;
}
/**
* 两个byte[]是否相同
* @param data1
* @param data2
* @return
*/
public static boolean bytesEquals(byte[] data1, byte[] data2) {
return Arrays.equals(data1, data2);
}
/**
* 截取byte[]
* @param data
* @param position
* @param length
* @return
*/
public static byte[] subBytes(byte[] data, int position, int length) {
byte[] temp = new byte[length];
System.arraycopy(data, position, temp, 0, length);
return temp;
}
/**
* 拼接byte[] 和 byte[]
*
* @param bytes1
* @param bytes2
* @return
*/
public static byte[] bytesMerger(byte[] bytes1, byte[] bytes2) {
byte[] bytes3 = new byte[bytes1.length + bytes2.length];
System.arraycopy(bytes1, 0, bytes3, 0, bytes1.length);
System.arraycopy(bytes2, 0, bytes3, bytes1.length, bytes2.length);
return bytes3;
}
/**
* 拼接byte 和 byte[]
*
* @param byte1
* @param bytes2
* @return
*/
public static byte[] bytesMerger(byte byte1, byte[] bytes2) {
byte[] bytes3 = new byte[1 + bytes2.length];
bytes3[0] = byte1;
System.arraycopy(bytes2, 0, bytes3, 1, bytes2.length);
return bytes3;
}
/**
* 拼接byte[] 和 byte
*
* @param bytes1
* @param byte2
* @return
*/
public static byte[] bytesMerger(byte[] bytes1, byte byte2) {
byte[] bytes3 = new byte[1 + bytes1.length];
System.arraycopy(bytes1, 0, bytes3, 0, bytes1.length);
bytes3[bytes3.length - 1] = byte2;
return bytes3;
}
/**
* 拼接三个数组
*
* @param bt1
* @param bt2
* @param bt3
* @return
*/
public static byte[] bytesMerger(byte[] bt1, byte[] bt2, byte[] bt3) {
byte[] data = new byte[bt1.length + bt2.length + bt3.length];
System.arraycopy(bt1, 0, data, 0, bt1.length);
System.arraycopy(bt2, 0, data, bt1.length, bt2.length);
System.arraycopy(bt3, 0, data, bt1.length + bt2.length, bt3.length);
return data;
}
/**
* byte转Hex 16 进制字符串
*/
public static String byte2Hex(byte b) {
String hex = Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF);
if (hex.length() < 2) {
hex = "0" + hex;
}
return hex;
}
/**
* byte[]转Hex
*/
public static String bytes2Hex(byte[] b) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
String hex = Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 0xFF);
if (hex.length() < 2) {
hex = "0" + hex;
}
sb.append(hex.toUpperCase());
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* 字节数组转为16进制字符串
*/
public static String bytes2Hex2(byte[] bytes) {
String strHex = "";
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (int n = 0; n < bytes.length; n++) {
strHex = Integer.toHexString(bytes[n] & 0xFF);
stringBuilder.append((strHex.length() == 1) ? "0" + strHex : strHex);
}
return stringBuilder.toString().trim();
}
/**
* Hex转byte,hex只能含两个字符，如果是一个字符byte高位会是0
*/
public static byte hex2Byte(String hex) {
return (byte) Integer.parseInt(hex, 16);
}
/**
* Hex转byte[]，两种情况，Hex长度为奇数最后一个字符会被舍去
*/
public static byte[] hex2Bytes(String hex) {
if (hex.length() < 1) {
return null;
} else {
byte[] result = new byte[hex.length() / 2];
int j = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < hex.length(); i += 2) {
result[j++] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(hex.substring(i, i + 2), 16);
}
return result;
}
}
/**
* 字符串转为16进制字符串，推荐
*/
public static String str2HexStr(String str) {
char[] chars = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("");
byte[] bs = str.getBytes();
int bit;
for (byte b : bs) {
bit = (b & 0x0f0) >> 4;
sb.append(chars[bit]);
bit = b & 0x0f;
sb.append(chars[bit]);
}
return sb.toString().trim();
}
/**
* 16进制直接转换成为字符串(无需Unicode解码)，推荐
*
* @param hexStr
* @return
*/
public static String hexStr2Str(String hexStr) {
String str = "0123456789ABCDEF";
char[] hexs = hexStr.toCharArray();
byte[] bytes = new byte[hexStr.length() / 2];
int n;
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
n = str.indexOf(hexs[2 * i]) * 16;
n += str.indexOf(hexs[2 * i + 1]);
bytes[i] = (byte) (n & 0xff);
}
return new String(bytes);
}
/**
* 字符串转换unicode
*/
public static String string2Unicode(String string) {
StringBuilder unicode = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < string.length(); i++) {
// 取出每一个字符
char c = string.charAt(i);
// 转换为unicode
unicode.append("\u").append(Integer.toHexString(c));
}
return unicode.toString();
}
/**
* unicode 转字符串
*/
public static String unicode2String(String unicode) {
StringBuilder string = new StringBuilder();
String[] hex = unicode.split("\\u");
for (int i = 1; i < hex.length; i++) {
// 转换出每一个代码点
int data = Integer.parseInt(hex[i], 16);
// 追加成string
string.append((char) data);
}
return string.toString();
}
}参考
Java 中 byte、byte 数组和 int、long 之间的转换
大端小端模式