kickstart=provide the initial impetus（动力）to…，推动，vt
These proposals are aimed to kickstart the advancement of education.
permissive= allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior.宽容的（注意和pervasive的不同，后者=（especially of an unwelcome influence or physical effect）spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people，普遍的（略带贬义）
China has become increasingly permissive since 1978.
status symbol= a possession that is taken to indicate a person’s wealth or high social or professional status，地位（身份）象征，可数
A luxurious car is less a mobility tool than a status symbol.
reign supreme= someone or something that reigns supreme is the most important or powerful element in a situation or period of time.独占鳌头?
Among all IELTS teachers in Beijing, Joe reigns supreme.
terrestrial bird陆禽，可数；aquatic bird水禽，可数
the gray-crowned crane is a terrestrial bird while the swan is an aquatic bird.
emblazon= conspicuously inscribe or display a design on…醒目地展示，vt
Five symbolic five-pointed stars are proudly emblazoned on our national flag.
emblem徽章，可数（emblematic 象征的）
Five-pointed stars and Tiananmen Gate Tower （天安门城楼）are two significant elements of our national emblem（国徽）.
colony= a community of animals or plants of one kind living close together or forming a physically connected structure.（生物学角度的）群体，可数
Colonies of birds in this region are threatened to go extinct because of their loss of habitats.
upgrade 表示升级，可以作vt，也可以做可数名词；downgrade 表示降级，和upgrade 一样可以作vt 和可数名词；degrade表示恶化，作vt 或者vi 都可，但是不能作名词，其名词形式是degradation，不可数
The degradation of our ecosystem will take its toll.
endemic=（of a plant or animal）native and restricted to a certain place，地方性的
Giant pandas are endemic to China.
electrocution= the injury or killing of someone by electric shock（shock有电击的意思），触电受伤或触电死亡，不可数
Some birds die tragically due to electrocution from power lines（电线）.?
incentivize= provide someone with an incentive for doing sth.激励，vt
I am incentivized less by money than by self-realization.
Custodian= a person who has responsibility for or looks after sth，管家，可数
The owner of this nature reserve is hiring some custodians to look after its valuable avian species.
brick-and-mortar（mortar本身指砂浆，建筑材料，不可数）= used to describe a traditional business that operates in a building, when compared to one that operates over the internet.实体的
Ghost kitchens refer to restaurants that don’t have a brick-and-mortar location where you can take a seat to eat and that only deliver food based on online orders.
unflagging= persistent，不懈的
Joe’s unflagging effort to learn English is impressive.