目前实现gzip压缩有2种办法:
方法一、是有的容器(服务器)提供的功能,但这个局限于特定容器。比如 apache+tomcat 或者 resin-pro 版 。
方法二、是 部署前手动 gzip 压缩,配合 servlet 过滤器使用,这个能实现 gzip 功能,但是降低了灵活性。
方案一
1、TOMCAT配置GZIP压缩:
tomcat5.5.x配置
修改%TOMCAT_HOME%\conf \server.xml启用支持gzip压缩.
添加下列属性
compression="on"
compressionMinSize="2048"
noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata"
compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml"
TOMCAT配置说明
1) compression="on" 打开压缩功能
2) compressionMinSize="2048" 启用压缩的输出内容大小,这里面默认为2KB
3) noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata" 对于以下的浏览器,不启用压缩
4) compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml" 压缩类型
Resin容器中配置GZIP压缩方法
http://localhost:8080/MyProj/pdf/0.jpg 可以打开一张图片。用Httpwatch查看
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Sent : 315
Received 43106
开始配置Resin
我按照这样的配置:
<web-app id="/" root-directory="webapps/MyProj">
<filter filter-name="gzip" filter-class="com.caucho.filters.GzipFilter">
<init>
<use-vary>true</use-vary>
</init>
</filter>
<filter-mapping filter-name="gzip">
<url-pattern>
<exclude-pattern>*.jpg</exclude-pattern>
<include-pattern>/*</include-pattern>
</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
再测试发现不起作用!不清楚如何配置哦!
我再看了一下资料上面有讲说 需要resin的专业版即resin-pro
现在再看下我的resin :Resin-3.2.1 (built Fri, 17 Oct 2008 04:11:01 PDT)
果然是我的版本不一致导致的。重新从网上下载一下专业版的RESIN下来再试!
以下是我再测试的过程:
测试发现还是不行呀!我昏~~~ 不过感觉专业版与普通版在配置上面还是有点差别的
待续未完!
方案二:
设置Content-Encoding
Content-Encoding 文档的编码(Encode)方法。只有在解码之后才可以得到Content-Type头指定的内容类型。利用gzip压缩文档能够显著地减少HTML文档 的下载时间。Java的GZIPOutputStream可以很方便地进行gzip压缩,但只有Unix上的Netscape和Windows上的IE 4、IE 5才支持它。因此,Servlet应该通过查看Accept-Encoding头(即request.getHeader("Accept- Encoding"))检查浏览器是否支持gzip,为支持gzip的浏览器返回经gzip压缩的HTML页面,为其他浏览器返回普通页面。
压缩流
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException {
OutputStream out = null;
String encoding = request.getHeader("Accept-Encoding");
if (encoding != null && encoding.indexOf("gzip") != -1){
request.setHeader("Content-Encoding" , "gzip");
out = new GZIPOutputStream(request.getOutputStream());
}
else if (encoding != null && encoding.indexOf("comdivss") != -1){
request.setHeader("Content-Encoding" , "comdivss");
out = new ZIPOutputStream(request.getOutputStream());
}else{
out = request.getOutputStream();
实例:
采用gzip servlet filter实现
从 HTTP/1.1 开始,客户端就可以在请求头中添加
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate (可以从HTTP WATCH中查看发现确实支持)
来向请求的服务器表明自己支持 Gzip 压缩的响应。Web 服务器则在响应头中添加
Content-Encoding: gzip
来向客户端表明响应体是经过 gzip 压缩的。
程序代码如下:
(在此非常感谢 http://tdcq.iteye.com/blog/453644 提供代码)
具体代码如下:
package sh.blog.util.web.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
public class CompressedStream extends ServletOutputStream {
private ServletOutputStream out;
private GZIPOutputStream gzip;
/**
* 指定压缩缓冲流
* @param 输出流到压缩
* @throws IOException if an error occurs with the {@link GZIPOutputStream}.
*/
public CompressedStream(ServletOutputStream out) throws IOException {
this.out = out;
reset();
}
/** @see ServletOutputStream * */
public void close() throws IOException {
gzip.close();
}
/** @see ServletOutputStream * */
public void flush() throws IOException {
gzip.flush();
}
/** @see ServletOutputStream * */
public void write(byte[] b) throws IOException {
write(b, 0, b.length);
}
/** @see ServletOutputStream * */
public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
gzip.write(b, off, len);
}
/** @see ServletOutputStream * */
public void write(int b) throws IOException {
gzip.write(b);
}
public void reset() throws IOException {
gzip = new GZIPOutputStream(out);
}
}
package sh.blog.util.web.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper;
public class CompressionResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper{
protected HttpServletResponse response;
private ServletOutputStream out;
private CompressedStream compressedOut;
private PrintWriter writer;
protected int contentLength;
public CompressionResponse(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
super(response);
this.response = response;
compressedOut = new CompressedStream(response.getOutputStream());
}
public void setContentLength(int len) {
contentLength = len;
}
public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
if (null == out) {
if (null != writer) {
throw new IllegalStateException("getWriter() has already been called on this response.");
}
out = compressedOut;
}
return out;
}
public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
if (null == writer) {
if (null != out) {
throw new IllegalStateException("getOutputStream() has already been called on this response.");
}
writer = new PrintWriter(compressedOut);
}
return writer;
}
public void flushBuffer() {
try {
if (writer != null) {
writer.flush();
}else if (out != null) {
out.flush();
}
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void reset() {
super.reset();
try {
compressedOut.reset();
}catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void resetBuffer() {
super.resetBuffer();
try {
compressedOut.reset();
}catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void close() throws IOException {
compressedOut.close();
}
}
package sh.blog.util.web.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
public class CompressionFilter implements Filter {
protected Log log = LogFactory.getFactory().getInstance(this.getClass().getName());
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
boolean compress = false;
if (request instanceof HttpServletRequest){
HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
Enumeration headers = httpRequest.getHeaders("Accept-Encoding");
while (headers.hasMoreElements()){
String value = (String) headers.nextElement();
if (value.indexOf("gzip") != -1){
compress = true;
}
}
}
if (compress){//如果浏览器支持则压缩
HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
httpResponse.addHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
CompressionResponse compressionResponse= new CompressionResponse(httpResponse);
chain.doFilter(request, compressionResponse);
compressionResponse.close();
}
else{//如果浏览器不支持则不压缩
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
}
public void destroy(){
}
}
一共有三个CLASS文件!实现GZIP压缩输出响应
2.1 对图片输出做压缩处理测试
建立目录pdf里面存储图片
第一步:不配置过滤器用HTTP WATCHE发现
image/jpeg : 42891 bytes, 670 x 446 pixels
第二步:配置Web.xml配置过滤器
<filter>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<filter-class>sh.blog.util.web.filter.CompressionFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/pdf/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
再用HTTP WATCH查看发现
image/jpeg : 42891 bytes, gzip compressed to 42712 bytes ( 0.417 % saving ), 670 x 446 pixels
实现了一次压缩处理输出!
PS:我再用png格式的图片做过一次测试发现一次可以实现GZIP压缩输出
结论:通过上面的过滤器能够实现对图片的压缩处理,提高响应速度!
2.2 对音乐的压缩处理以MP3的输出 为测试对象
建立目录music里面存储音乐
第一步:不配置过滤器发现
audio/mpeg : 9001 bytes of binary data
第二步:配置过滤器
<filter>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<filter-class>sh.blog.util.web.filter.CompressionFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/music/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
再次查看发现:
audio/mpeg : , gzip compressed to 0 bytes ( 0 % saving )
结论:上面的算法对音乐文件不起压缩作用。感觉这种GZIP的算法应该是不同的格式算法不一样
2.3 对JS文件压缩输出
第一步:不做压缩
4864
第二步:配置压缩
<filter>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<filter-class>sh.blog.util.web.filter.CompressionFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/scripts/*.js</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
输出:
application/x-javascript : 4636 bytes, gzip compressed to 69 bytes ( 98.5 % saving )
查看发现JS的压缩是相当高的了!
结论:将JS存入指定的目录然后直接对此目录做GZIP压缩输出。可以看到效果是显著的!
通过做GZIP压缩输出之后可以减少网络带宽流量从而加快下载速度!
2.4 对CSS文件压缩输出
第一步:没有压缩输出
text/css : 413 bytes
第二步:压缩
配置:
<filter>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<filter-class>sh.blog.util.web.filter.CompressionFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/scripts/*.js</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>/style/*.css</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
结果:
text/css : 413 bytes, gzip compressed to 101 bytes ( 75.5 % saving )
结论:对CSS的压缩效果也是非常明显的哦!
2.5 对HTML页面压缩输出
第一步:不压缩
text/html : 2272 bytes
第二步;压缩
<filter>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<filter-class>sh.blog.util.web.filter.CompressionFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/scripts/*.js</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>/style/*.css</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
结果:
text/html : 2272 bytes, gzip compressed to 240 bytes ( 89.4 % saving )
结论:对HTML的压缩效果也是非常明显的哦!
2.6 对JSP页面的压缩
第一步:未做压缩
text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 : 1008 bytes
第二步:压缩输出
<filter>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<filter-class>sh.blog.util.web.filter.CompressionFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/scripts/*.js</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>/style/*.css</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
结果:页面 无输出!
结论:
以上的算法可以应用于 图片、HTML、CSS、JS的GZIP压缩输出。对于JSP页面无效!
应用:
将来可以在站点中编写此类过滤器,将页面内容尽可能地做GZIP输出提高下载的速度