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mysql创建两张财务表并进行关联 mysql怎么创建两个表

创建表
create table表名(
字段名1 类型[(宽度)] [约束条件] [comment '字段说明'],
字段名2 类型[(宽度)] [约束条件] [comment '字段说明'],
字段名3 类型[(宽度)] [约束条件] [comment '字段说明']
)[表的一些设置];
注意:
1.在同一张表中,字段名不能相同
2.宽度和约束条件为可选参数,字段名和类型是必须的
3.后一个字段后不能加逗号
4.类型是用来限制 字段 必须以何种数据类型来存储记录
5.类型其实也是对字段的约束(约束字段下的记录必须为XX类型)
6.类型后写的 约束条件 是在类型之外的 额外添加的约束
约束说明
not null
标识该字段不能为空
mysql> create table test1(a int not null comment '字段a');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test1 values (null);
ERROR 1048 (23000): Column 'a' cannot be null
mysql> insert into test1 values (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from test1;
+---+
| a |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
default value:为该字段设置默认值,默认值为value
mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> create table test2(
->   a int not null comment '字段a',
->   b int not null default 0 comment '字段b'
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into test2(a) values (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select *from test2;
+---+---+
| a | b |
+---+---+
| 1 | 0 |
+---+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
上面插入时未设置b的值,自动取默认值0
primary key
标识该字段为该表的主键,可以唯一的标识记录,插入重复的会报错
两种写法
方式1
跟在列后
如下:
mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table test3(
->   a int not null comment '字段a' primary key
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test3 (a) values (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test3 (a) values (1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'
方式2
在所有列定义之后定义,如下:
mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table test4(
->   a int not null comment '字段a',
->   b int not null default 0 comment '字段b',
->   primary key(a)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into test4(a,b) values (1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test4(a,b) values (1,2);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'
插入重复的值,会报违法主键约束
方式2支持多字段作为主键,多个之间用逗号隔开,语法:primary key(字段1,字段2,字段n),示例:
mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test7;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create table test7(
->    a int not null comment '字段a',
->    b int not null comment '字段b',
->   PRIMARY KEY (a,b)
->  );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql>
mysql> insert into test7(a,b) VALUES (1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test7(a,b) VALUES (1,1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1-1' for key 'PRIMARY'
foreign key:为表中的字段设置外键
语法:foreign key(当前表的列名) references 引用的外键表(外键表中字段名称)
mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test6;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test5;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create table test5(
->   a int not null comment '字段a' primary key
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create table test6(
->   b int not null comment '字段b',
->   ts5_a int not null,
->   foreign key(ts5_a) references test5(a)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test5 (a) values (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test6 (b,test6.ts5_a) values (1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test6 (b,test6.ts5_a) values (2,2);
ERROR 1452 (23000): Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`javacode2018`.`test6`, CONSTRAINT `test6_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`ts5_a`) REFERENCES `test5` (`a`))
说明:表示test6中ts5_a字段的值来源于表test5中的字段a。
注意几点:
两张表中需要建立外键关系的字段类型需要一致
要设置外键的字段不能为主键
被引用的字段需要为主键
被插入的值在外键表必须存在,如上面向test6中插入ts5_a为2的时候报错了,原因:2的值 在test5表中不存在
unique key(uq):标识该字段的值是唯一的
支持一个到多个字段,插入重复的值会报违反唯一约束,会插入失败。
定义有2种方式
方式1:跟在字段后,如下:
mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create table test8(
->    a int not null comment '字段a' unique key
->  );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
mysql> insert into test8(a) VALUES (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test8(a) VALUES (1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'a'
方式2:所有列定义之后定义,如下:
mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test9;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create table test9(
->    a int not null comment '字段a',
->   unique key(a)
->  );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
mysql> insert into test9(a) VALUES (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test9(a) VALUES (1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'a'
方式2支持多字段,多个之间用逗号隔开,语法:primary key(字段1,字段2,字段n),示例:
mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test10;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create table test10(
->   a int not null comment '字段a',
->   b int not null comment '字段b',
->   unique key(a,b)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
mysql> insert into test10(a,b) VALUES (1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test10(a,b) VALUES (1,1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1-1' for key 'a'
auto_increment:标识该字段的值自动增长(整数类型,而且为主键)
mysql> drop table IF EXISTS test11;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create table test11(
->   a int not null AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY comment '字段a',
->   b int not null comment '字段b'
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
mysql> insert into test11(b) VALUES (10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test11(b) VALUES (20);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from test11;
+---+----+
| a | b  |
+---+----+
| 1 | 10 |
| 2 | 20 |
+---+----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
字段a为自动增长,默认值从1开始,每次+1
关于自动增长字段的初始值、步长可以在mysql中进行设置,比如设置初始值为1万,每次增长10
注意:
自增长列当前值存储在内存中,数据库每次重启之后,会查询当前表中自增列的大值作为当前值,如 果表数据被清空之后,数据库重启了,自增列的值将从初始值开始
我们来演示一下:
mysql> delete from test11;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test11(b) VALUES (10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from test11;
+---+----+
| a | b  |
+---+----+
| 3 | 10 |
+---+----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
上面删除了test11数据,然后插入了一条,a的值为3,执行下面操作:
删除test11数据,重启mysql,插入数据,然后看a的值是不是被初始化了?如下:
mysql> delete from test11;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from test11;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
C:Windowssystem32>net stop mysql
mysql服务正在停止..
mysql服务已成功停止。
C:Windowssystem32>net start mysql
mysql服务正在启动 .
mysql服务已经启动成功。
C:Windowssystem32>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: *******
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.25-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use javacode2018;
Database changed
mysql> select * from test11;
Empty set (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test11 (b) value (100);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from test11;
+---+-----+
| a | b   |
+---+-----+
| 1 | 100 |
+---+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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