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android 判断当前相机ID android相机权限在哪找

近几年前端开发真是越来越火,H5页面开发的移动端页面甚至有夺我原生开发半壁江山的意思,忧伤忧伤。不过从实际情况考虑,H5一套代码到处跑的特性,我们的Android, IOS ...也就只能呵呵了。然而我还是比较喜欢原生应用,对网络质量要求低,经过H5页面加载不出来一片空白就不受得抓狂!吐槽归吐槽,正事不能落下。

上一篇意图调相机的2方式种以及那些你知道的不状语从句:知道的坑中完成了对意向调起系统相机,结果处理以及一些问题的应对。其实上篇文章还是因为今天的主题web视图中调用相机系统-而起,因为涉及到调用相机本身的一些问题之前不是很明确,所以专门搞了一下,记录下来,所以如果调用相机操作本身有什么疑问或问题,请点击跳转到上一篇电子邮件寻找答案,本篇不再重复。接下来们看看在WebView中调用相机的一些问题。

问题说明

最近有个需求是要上传身份证正反照,说来简单,可偏偏这部分业务是H5页面处理的,所以只能通过H5页面去拍照或选取本地图片了,然而问题来了 - 这段H5代码在用浏览器打开可以实现功能,但是放在WebView中却没有动作。



<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title>相机调用</title>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        function previewPhoto(sourceId, targetId) {
            var url;
            if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE") >= 1) { // IE
                url = document.getElementById(sourceId).value;
            } else if(navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Firefox") > 0) { // Firefox
                url = window.URL.createObjectURL(document.getElementById(sourceId).files.item(0));
            } else if(navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Chrome") > 0) { // Chrome
                url = window.URL.createObjectURL(document.getElementById(sourceId).files.item(0));
            }  else if(navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Opera") > 0
                || navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Oupeng") > 0) { // Oupeng
                url = window.URL.createObjectURL(document.getElementById(sourceId).files.item(0));
            } else {
                url = "flower_err.jpg";
            }

            <!--window.alert("address:" + url);-->
            window.alert("address:" + navigator.userAgent);

            var imgPre = document.getElementById(targetId);
            imgPre.src = url;
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="http://www.baidu.com">去百度</a>

    <br><br>
    <img id="img" width="200px" height="300px" alt="图片预览区">
    <br>
    <input type="file" id="pic" name="camera" accept="image/*" οnchange="previewPhoto(this.id, 'img');"/>

    <br><br>
    <input type="file" accept="image/*" multiple>
</body>
</html>



  在浏览器中正常运行:

android 判断当前相机ID android相机权限在哪找,android 判断当前相机ID android相机权限在哪找_javascript,第1张

根据前人描述,是因为Android源码中将这部分屏蔽了,需要在webView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient())中重写WebChromeClient的openFileChooser()等方法,接下来我们就打开源码看看。

 

源码分析

遇到问题看源码是最直接也是最有效的办法,虽然通常情况下阅读源码比看网上一些帖子难度要大点,但却是问题的根本所在。可能有时候遇到很多问题不知道专门从源码下手,这时候就只能用问题去百度,谷歌去了,看看前辈们是怎么解决这个问题的,遇到涉及源码时再回头追本溯源,这样便会对问题本身理解深刻;久而久之,可见成效。说到这里,一个推荐用英语查看各版本源码的地址,毕竟你不会下载了所有版本的源码。闲话少叙,据说不同版本还不一样,那就一个一个看(WebChromeClient.java\机器人\ WebKit的包下):

(Android 2.2)8 <= API <= 10(Android 2.3)

以Version 2.3.7_r1(API 10)为例(API <8时就没有这个方法):

android 判断当前相机ID android相机权限在哪找,android 判断当前相机ID android相机权限在哪找_java_02,第2张

 

可以看到,openFileChooser()方法用来告诉客户端打开一个文件选择器,只有一个入参ValueCallback对象uploadMsg,uploadMsg是一个回调值,用来设置待上传文件的Uri,用onReceiveValue()方法来唤醒等待线程(英语不好,莫见怪);并且该方法被隐藏了。

(Android 3.0)11 <= API <= 15(Android 4.0.3)

以Version 2.3.7_r1(API 15)为例: 

android 判断当前相机ID android相机权限在哪找,android 判断当前相机ID android相机权限在哪找_ViewUI_03,第3张

可以看到,该方法也是被隐藏了;不过openFileChooser()方法比上一版多了一个字符串入参acceptType,H5页面中输入标签声明的文件选择器设置的接受属性值,就是上边H5代码中这一行:



<input type="file" id="pic" name="camera" accept="image/*" οnchange="previewPhoto(this.id, 'img');"/>



  

(Android 4.1.2)16 <= API <= 20(Android 4.4W.2)

以版本4.4W(API 20)为例:

  



/**
 * Tell the client to open a file chooser.
 * @param uploadFile A ValueCallback to set the URI of the file to upload.
 *      onReceiveValue must be called to wake up the thread.a
 * @param acceptType The value of the 'accept' attribute of the input tag
 *         associated with this file picker.
 * @param capture The value of the 'capture' attribute of the input tag
 *         associated with this file picker.
 * @hide
 */
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadFile, String acceptType, String capture) {
    uploadFile.onReceiveValue(null);
}



  

 

 

 

同样有@hide标签;又比上一版多了一个String入参捕获,同样是输入标签的同名属性值(用来指定设备比如capture =“camera”,不过好像用的很少了)。

 

API> = 21(Android 5.0.1)

 

以版本5.0(API 21)为例:

 



/**
 * Tell the client to open a file chooser.
 * @param uploadFile A ValueCallback to set the URI of the file to upload.
 *      onReceiveValue must be called to wake up the thread.a
 * @param acceptType The value of the 'accept' attribute of the input tag
 *         associated with this file picker.
 * @param capture The value of the 'capture' attribute of the input tag
 *         associated with this file picker.
 *
 * @deprecated Use {@link #showFileChooser} instead.
 * @hide This method was not published in any SDK version.
 */
@Deprecated
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadFile, String acceptType, String capture) {
    uploadFile.onReceiveValue(null);
}



  之前的@hide干嘛用的,之前不知道,但是这里就有说明了 - 这个方法没有在任何SDK版本发布,也就是说这个方法没有公开,所以不会像别的普通方法那样Override,那要怎么搞?后边说。
还有,这个方法被@deprecated标记了,用新方法showFileChooser()替换了,那我再找找showFileChooser:

 



/**
 * Tell the client to show a file chooser.
 *
 * This is called to handle HTML forms with 'file' input type, in response to the
 * user pressing the "Select File" button.
 * To cancel the request, call <code>filePathCallback.onReceiveValue(null)</code> and
 * return true.
 *
 * @param webView The WebView instance that is initiating the request.
 * @param filePathCallback Invoke this callback to supply the list of paths to files to upload,
 *                         or NULL to cancel. Must only be called if the
 *                         <code>showFileChooser</code> implementations returns true.
 * @param fileChooserParams Describes the mode of file chooser to be opened, and options to be
 *                          used with it.
 * @return true if filePathCallback will be invoked, false to use default handling.
 *
 * @see FileChooserParams
 */
public boolean onShowFileChooser(WebView webView, ValueCallback<Uri[]> filePathCallback,
        FileChooserParams fileChooserParams) {
    return false;
}



  

看,这个注释就很用心了.onShowFileChooser()方法和openFileChooser()同样的作用,但是有更详细的解释 -

  • 这个方法用来处理HTML表单中声明type =“file”的输入标签,响应的时机用户按下“选择文件”按钮
  • 如果要取消该操作(选择文件操作),需要调用filePathCallback.onReceiveValue(空); 返回true;
  • 返回值的含义:返回true表示认可再该方法中重写的对filePathCallback的操作,返回false表示使用默认处理(即空方法,不做任何处理)

参数filePathCallback泛型由原来的一个Uri变为Uri [],说明可以支持一次选取多个文件(当然,调用系统相机直接拍照的话还是只能一张一拍,此时Uri []中之只有1个人素,若从相册或文件系统选,应该可以多选(本人没有现现,不敢说肯定可以));

参数FileChooserParams fileChooserParams应该和原来的是一个道理,就是输入标签的属性集合,可以看一下源码:



/**
 * Parameters used in the {@link #onShowFileChooser} method.
 */
public static abstract class FileChooserParams {
    /** Open single file. Requires that the file exists before allowing the user to pick it. */
    public static final int MODE_OPEN = 0;
    /** Like Open but allows multiple files to be selected. */
    public static final int MODE_OPEN_MULTIPLE = 1;
    /** Like Open but allows a folder to be selected. The implementation should enumerate
        all files selected by this operation.
        This feature is not supported at the moment.
        @hide */
    public static final int MODE_OPEN_FOLDER = 2;
    /**  Allows picking a nonexistent file and saving it. */
    public static final int MODE_SAVE = 3;

    /**
     * Parse the result returned by the file picker activity. This method should be used with
     * {@link #createIntent}. Refer to {@link #createIntent} for how to use it.
     *
     * @param resultCode the integer result code returned by the file picker activity.
     * @param data the intent returned by the file picker activity.
     * @return the Uris of selected file(s) or null if the resultCode indicates
     *         activity canceled or any other error.
     */
    public static Uri[] parseResult(int resultCode, Intent data) {
        return WebViewFactory.getProvider().getStatics().parseFileChooserResult(resultCode, data);
    }

    /**
     * Returns file chooser mode.
     */
    public abstract int getMode();

    /**
     * Returns an array of acceptable MIME types. The returned MIME type
     * could be partial such as audio/*. The array will be empty if no
     * acceptable types are specified.
     */
    public abstract String[] getAcceptTypes();

    /**
     * Returns preference for a live media captured value (e.g. Camera, Microphone).
     * True indicates capture is enabled, false disabled.
     *
     * Use <code>getAcceptTypes</code> to determine suitable capture devices.
     */
    public abstract boolean isCaptureEnabled();

    /**
     * Returns the title to use for this file selector, or null. If null a default
     * title should be used.
     */
    public abstract CharSequence getTitle();

    /**
     * The file name of a default selection if specified, or null.
     */
    public abstract String getFilenameHint();

    /**
     * Creates an intent that would start a file picker for file selection.
     * The Intent supports choosing files from simple file sources available
     * on the device. Some advanced sources (for example, live media capture)
     * may not be supported and applications wishing to support these sources
     * or more advanced file operations should build their own Intent.
     *
     * <pre>
     * How to use:
     * 1. Build an intent using {@link #createIntent}
     * 2. Fire the intent using {@link android.app.Activity#startActivityForResult}.
     * 3. Check for ActivityNotFoundException and take a user friendly action if thrown.
     * 4. Listen the result using {@link android.app.Activity#onActivityResult}
     * 5. Parse the result using {@link #parseResult} only if media capture was not requested.
     * 6. Send the result using filePathCallback of {@link WebChromeClient#onShowFileChooser}
     * </pre>
     *
     * @return an Intent that supports basic file chooser sources.
     */
    public abstract Intent createIntent();
}



  

都有注释,不解释。

解决办法

看完源码一切都明了了,怎么做,重写上边这些方法就好。但是@hide方法不能Override怎么办 - 简单粗暴,直接写(没有代码提示是不是有点心虚?等运行完了就不心有)。为了兼容所有版本,最好把3个参数不同的openFileChooser()方法都写上,onShowFileChooser()正常Override就好:

 



webView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient() {

    /**
     * 8(Android 2.2) <= API <= 10(Android 2.3)回调此方法
     */
    public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg) {
        Log.e("WangJ", "运行方法 openFileChooser-1");
        // (2)该方法回调时说明版本API < 21,此时将结果赋值给 mUploadCallbackBelow,使之 != null
        mUploadCallbackBelow = uploadMsg;
        takePhoto();
    }

    /**
     * 11(Android 3.0) <= API <= 15(Android 4.0.3)回调此方法
     */
    public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg, String acceptType) {
        Log.e("WangJ", "运行方法 openFileChooser-2 (acceptType: " + acceptType + ")");
        openFileChooser(uploadMsg);
    }

    /**
     * 16(Android 4.1.2) <= API <= 20(Android 4.4W.2)回调此方法
     */
    public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg, String acceptType, String capture) {
        Log.e("WangJ", "运行方法 openFileChooser-3 (acceptType: " + acceptType + "; capture: " + capture + ")");
        openFileChooser(uploadMsg);
    }

    /**
     * API >= 21(Android 5.0.1)回调此方法
     */
    @Override
    public boolean onShowFileChooser(WebView webView, ValueCallback<Uri[]> filePathCallback, FileChooserParams fileChooserParams) {
        Log.e("WangJ", "运行方法 onShowFileChooser");
        // (1)该方法回调时说明版本API >= 21,此时将结果赋值给 mUploadCallbackAboveL,使之 != null
        mUploadCallbackAboveL = filePathCallback;
        takePhoto();
        return true;
    }
});

/* 省略其他内容 */
/**
 * 调用相机
 */
private void takePhoto() {
    // 指定拍照存储位置的方式调起相机
    String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + File.separator
            + Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES + File.separator;
    String fileName = "IMG_" + DateFormat.format("yyyyMMdd_hhmmss", Calendar.getInstance(Locale.CHINA)) + ".jpg";
    imageUri = Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath + fileName));

    Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
    intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
    startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE);


    // 选择图片(不包括相机拍照),则不用成功后发刷新图库的广播
//        Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
//        i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
//        i.setType("image/*");
//        startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "Image Chooser"), REQUEST_CODE);
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) {
        // 经过上边(1)、(2)两个赋值操作,此处即可根据其值是否为空来决定采用哪种处理方法
        if (mUploadCallbackBelow != null) {
            chooseBelow(resultCode, data);
        } else if (mUploadCallbackAboveL != null) {
            chooseAbove(resultCode, data);
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "发生错误", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Android API < 21(Android 5.0)版本的回调处理
 * @param resultCode 选取文件或拍照的返回码
 * @param data 选取文件或拍照的返回结果
 */
private void chooseBelow(int resultCode, Intent data) {
    Log.e("WangJ", "返回调用方法--chooseBelow");

    if (RESULT_OK == resultCode) {
        updatePhotos();

        if (data != null) {
            // 这里是针对文件路径处理
            Uri uri = data.getData();
            if (uri != null) {
                Log.e("WangJ", "系统返回URI:" + uri.toString());
                mUploadCallbackBelow.onReceiveValue(uri);
            } else {
                mUploadCallbackBelow.onReceiveValue(null);
            }
        } else {
            // 以指定图像存储路径的方式调起相机,成功后返回data为空
            Log.e("WangJ", "自定义结果:" + imageUri.toString());
            mUploadCallbackBelow.onReceiveValue(imageUri);
        }
    } else {
        mUploadCallbackBelow.onReceiveValue(null);
    }
    mUploadCallbackBelow = null;
}

/**
 * Android API >= 21(Android 5.0) 版本的回调处理
 * @param resultCode 选取文件或拍照的返回码
 * @param data 选取文件或拍照的返回结果
 */
private void chooseAbove(int resultCode, Intent data) {
    Log.e("WangJ", "返回调用方法--chooseAbove");

    if (RESULT_OK == resultCode) {
        updatePhotos();

        if (data != null) {
            // 这里是针对从文件中选图片的处理
            Uri[] results;
            Uri uriData = data.getData();
            if (uriData != null) {
                results = new Uri[]{uriData};
                for (Uri uri : results) {
                    Log.e("WangJ", "系统返回URI:" + uri.toString());
                }
                mUploadCallbackAboveL.onReceiveValue(results);
            } else {
                mUploadCallbackAboveL.onReceiveValue(null);
            }
        } else {
            Log.e("WangJ", "自定义结果:" + imageUri.toString());
            mUploadCallbackAboveL.onReceiveValue(new Uri[]{imageUri});
        }
    } else {
        mUploadCallbackAboveL.onReceiveValue(null);
    }
    mUploadCallbackAboveL = null;
}

private void updatePhotos() {
    // 该广播即使多发(即选取照片成功时也发送)也没有关系,只是唤醒系统刷新媒体文件
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE);
    intent.setData(imageUri);
    sendBroadcast(intent);
}



  为什么要分开chooseBelow(),chooseAbove()处理? 
因为openFileChooser(),onShowFileChooser()方法参数中那个回调参数的泛型不同(一个开放的,一个开放的[]),分开处理明了一些。
看结果:

android 判断当前相机ID android相机权限在哪找,android 判断当前相机ID android相机权限在哪找_ViewUI_04,第4张

android 判断当前相机ID android相机权限在哪找,android 判断当前相机ID android相机权限在哪找_移动开发_05,第5张

怎么样?看完这个结果,粗暴写那几个@hide的方法不心虚了吧?

为什么同样的HTML文件在浏览器中打开和我们做的不一样,浏览器节能拍照又能选文件呢? 
那是因为我们写死了要么是使用拍照,要么是用文件选取,如果你愿意,可以根据openFileChooser(),onShowFileChooser()方法中的参数指定更个性化的响应,也可以做到像浏览器一样。

可能的问题

权限问题

再次提示,了别忘权限问题,别再这里被坑。

打包完成后不能工作

本来在demo中跑的好好的,但当我们打好释放包测试的时候却又发现没拍拍,没法选择图片了!!!真是坑了个爹啊!!!想想不奇怪,因为openFileChooser ()方法被系统隐藏,又不能Override,而我们的release包是开启了混淆的,所以在打包的时候混淆了openFileChooser(),这就导致无法回调openFileChooser()了。

- 
keepclassmembers class * extends android。 webkit.WebChromeClient { 
public void openFileChooser(...); 
}

当然作为良好的面向对象开发者,你可以用一个借口把这个过程写的更优美一点,我只求能把问题说明白,这里就不实现这一步了。


https://www.xamrdz.com/web/2a21964343.html

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